4.2. Lack of Proper Drainage Systems

And that is what creating some endemic and epidemic diseases which are spreading. And that is even much bigger disaster okay, so it takes so much time and also there are the water has stayed back even after you know because even after the flood and even after the rescue process still in being the same story in Kashmir, the water has stayed back and because the main issue is lack of proper drainage systems, the Chennai floods it is the same because that is where the planning situation, the service infrastructure orientation has to be addressed.

This chunk discusses the severe consequences of inadequate drainage systems following flooding. After heavy rains or floods, if the water does not drain away properly, it can lead to the water becoming stagnant. This stagnation can cause health issues, such as the spread of endemic and epidemic diseases, due to the growth of bacteria and mosquitoes in standing water. The issue has been observed in various regions, including Kerala and Kashmir, where improper drainage exacerbates flooding problems, making recovery more difficult. The lack of effective infrastructure planning is a critical factor that needs to be addressed to prevent these disasters.

Imagine a bathtub without a drain. If you fill the bathtub with water and it has no way to drain out, the water will remain, become dirty, and may cause problems like mold growth or foul odors. Similarly, areas with poor drainage systems can experience the same 'bathtub effect' during floods, where water accumulates and creates health risks.

Then, when the water keeps coming into these areas obviously, there is also an aspect of; there is a difference in water levels for instance, the amount of water it enters and the amount of water outside, this is almost 8 cars, you know the load which is coming of the 8 cars worth of load which is pushing this wall and this difference in water level you know creates the pressure on the wall you know, this difference is creating the pressure.

This paragraph highlights the physical consequences of flooding due to an inadequate drainage system. When floodwaters enter an area, the pressure exerted by this water can significantly impact structures. The text describes a scenario where the amount of water pressing against a wall equates to the weight of about eight cars. As the water level rises inside a home or structure and remains higher than the water outside, it creates pressure against the walls, risking structural collapse. This is particularly alarming when buildings are not designed to withstand such pressure, underlining the importance of effective drainage.

Think of a balloon filled with water. If you put pressure on one side of the balloon, it bulges out. If you press too hard, the balloon can pop, similar to how buildings can fail under excess pressure from floodwaters if not designed properly. Proper drainage helps to balance the pressure and prevent this kind of disaster.

And obviously, this can loosen and this can change the soil conditions and movement beneath, so in that way, there is a possibility that these houses may collapse, so that is what we have seen in those videos.

In this chunk, it is explained that stagnant water can weaken the soil structure around buildings. When the soil becomes saturated with water, it can lose its ability to support the weight of a structure. This change in soil conditions can lead to instability, which may ultimately cause buildings to collapse. Videos showcasing the aftermath of floods often illustrate this dramatic consequence, showing homes that have buckled or fallen due to compromised foundations.

Consider a sandcastle built on the beach. If the sand gets too wet from a tide, it becomes mushy and loses firmness, making it prone to collapsing if left unprotected. Similarly, buildings can lose their 'foundation strength' when the soil beneath becomes overly saturated due to poor drainage.

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