20. Causes of Earthquake
Earthquakes result from various geophysical, geological, and anthropogenic causes, impacting civil engineering designs for resilient structures. They can be classified into different types such as tectonic, volcanic, and induced seismicity, each with unique characteristics. The chapter describes the mechanisms behind earthquakes, their classification, and predicting factors, emphasizing the importance of understanding these aspects for infrastructure resilience.
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20.8.4Geothermal And Oil Extraction
This section discusses how geothermal and oil extraction activities can lead...
What we have learnt
- Earthquakes can be classified into tectonic, volcanic, collapse, and induced types based on their origin.
- The movement of lithospheric plates causes tectonic earthquakes, which are the most destructive.
- Earthquake prediction remains unreliable, but certain precursors like foreshocks and changes in groundwater levels can provide insights.
Key Concepts
- -- Tectonic Earthquakes
- Earthquakes caused by the movement of the Earth's lithospheric plates.
- -- Elastic Rebound Theory
- Describes how stress builds in rocks and is released as seismic energy during an earthquake.
- -- Seismic Gaps
- Segments of active faults that have not experienced a significant earthquake in a long time, indicating areas of potential future quakes.
- -- Induced Seismicity
- Earthquakes triggered by human activities, such as deep well injection or hydraulic fracturing.
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