Real-Time Scheduling Algorithms - Embedded System
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Real-Time Scheduling Algorithms

Real-Time Scheduling Algorithms

The module on real-time scheduling algorithms covers fundamental principles and taxonomies crucial for ensuring timely and predictable behavior in embedded systems. It establishes concepts of real-time systems, differentiating between hard, firm, and soft timelines, and delves into various scheduling paradigms including fixed and dynamic priorities. The challenges of resource sharing, especially priority inversion, and techniques for integrating aperiodic tasks while maintaining schedulability are also addressed, culminating in a discussion on multiprocessor real-time scheduling complexities.

39 sections

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 7
    Week 7 - Real-Time Scheduling Algorithms

    This section explores real-time scheduling algorithms, covering definitions,...

  2. 7.1
    Fundamentals Of Real-Time Systems And Scheduling

    This section defines real-time systems, explores their types, and introduces...

  3. 7.1.1
    Defining Real-Time Systems And Their Types

    This section defines real-time systems and classifies them into hard, firm,...

  4. 7.1.2
    Core Concepts In Real-Time Scheduling

    This section introduces essential terminology and key concepts in real-time...

  5. 7.1.3
    Goals Of Real-Time Scheduling

    The goals of real-time scheduling focus on ensuring that all tasks meet...

  6. 7.2
    Real-Time Task Models

    This section explains the different real-time task models—periodic,...

  7. 7.2.1
    Periodic Tasks

    Periodic tasks are regularly scheduled tasks in real-time systems with...

  8. 7.2.2
    Aperiodic Tasks

    Aperiodic tasks are unpredictable and irregularly released tasks in...

  9. 7.2.3
    Sporadic Tasks

    Sporadic tasks are a type of aperiodic task characterized by a minimum...

  10. 7.3
    Real-Time Scheduling Paradigms

    Real-time scheduling paradigms categorize algorithms based on key...

  11. 7.3.1
    Static (Offline) Vs. Dynamic (Online) Scheduling

    This section contrasts static scheduling, where task schedules are...

  12. 7.3.2
    Clock-Driven Vs. Event-Driven Scheduling

    This section distinguishes between clock-driven and event-driven scheduling...

  13. 7.3.3
    Preemptive Vs. Non-Preemptive Scheduling

    This section explains the two main types of scheduling in real-time systems:...

  14. 7.4
    Fixed-Priority Preemptive Scheduling Algorithms

    This section covers fixed-priority preemptive scheduling algorithms,...

  15. 7.4.1
    Rate Monotonic (Rm) Scheduling

    Rate Monotonic Scheduling is a widely accepted fixed-priority algorithm...

  16. 7.4.1.1
    Schedulability Analysis For Rate Monotonic

    This section discusses the methods used to determine if a set of tasks is...

  17. 7.4.1.2
    Challenges And Limitations Of Rate Monotonic

    This section discusses the key challenges and limitations associated with...

  18. 7.5
    Dynamic-Priority Preemptive Scheduling Algorithms

    This section introduces dynamic-priority preemptive scheduling algorithms,...

  19. 7.5.1
    Earliest Deadline First (Edf) Scheduling

    The Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling algorithm dynamically selects...

  20. 7.5.1.1
    Schedulability Analysis For Edf

    This section covers the schedulability analysis for the Earliest Deadline...

  21. 7.5.1.2
    Challenges And Limitations Of Edf

    This section discusses the challenges and limitations associated with the...

  22. 7.5.2
    Least Laxity First (Llf) Scheduling

    Least Laxity First (LLF) Scheduling is a dynamic priority scheduling...

  23. 7.6
    Handling Aperiodic And Sporadic Tasks In Real-Time Systems

    This section focuses on methods for incorporating aperiodic and sporadic...

  24. 7.6.1
    Background Scheduling

    Background scheduling allows aperiodic tasks to run when the processor is...

  25. 7.6.2
    Server-Based Approaches

    Server-based approaches improve the handling of aperiodic and sporadic tasks...

  26. 7.6.2.1
    Polling Server

    A polling server is a scheduling mechanism used in real-time systems to...

  27. 7.6.2.2
    Deferrable Server

    The Deferrable Server is a type of server-based approach used in real-time...

  28. 7.6.2.3
    Sporadic Server

    A sporadic server is a more sophisticated approach for integrating sporadic...

  29. 7.7
    Resource Sharing And Priority Inversion

    This section discusses the critical issue of priority inversion in real-time...

  30. 7.7.1
    What Is Priority Inversion?

    Priority inversion occurs when a higher-priority task is blocked by a...

  31. 7.7.2
    Solutions To Priority Inversion

    This section discusses several methods to mitigate the issue of priority...

  32. 7.7.2.1
    Priority Inheritance Protocol (Pip)

    The Priority Inheritance Protocol (PIP) addresses priority inversion by...

  33. 7.7.2.2
    Priority Ceiling Protocol (Pcp)

    The Priority Ceiling Protocol (PCP) is a synchronization mechanism designed...

  34. 7.7.3
    Other Considerations For Resource Sharing

    This section addresses critical sections in real-time systems and emphasizes...

  35. 7.8
    Introduction To Multiprocessor Real-Time Scheduling

    This section introduces the complexities of scheduling in multiprocessor...

  36. 7.8.1
    Challenges In Multiprocessor Scheduling

    Multiprocessor scheduling presents unique challenges including load...

  37. 7.8.2
    Common Approaches (Brief Overview)

    This section provides an overview of two key approaches to multiprocessor...

  38. 7.8.2.1
    Partitioned Scheduling

    Partitioned scheduling assigns tasks to specific processors statically and...

  39. 7.8.2.2
    Global Scheduling

    Global scheduling manages tasks across multiple processors to achieve better...

What we have learnt

  • Real-time systems must fulfill strict timing constraints, categorized into hard, firm, and soft types based on deadline criticality.
  • Different task models (periodic, aperiodic, sporadic) exhibit specific characteristics affecting scheduling approaches.
  • Fixed-priority and dynamic-priority preemptive scheduling algorithms (like RM and EDF) have unique properties, advantages, and challenges.
  • Techniques for handling aperiodic tasks and preventing priority inversion are essential for maintaining system reliability and performance.

Key Concepts

-- Hard RealTime Systems
Systems where missing a deadline results in catastrophic failure.
-- Firm RealTime Systems
Systems where missing a deadline degrades quality but does not lead to complete failure.
-- Soft RealTime Systems
Systems where deadline misses are tolerable and cause only a degradation in performance.
-- Preemption
The ability of higher-priority tasks to interrupt lower-priority tasks during execution.
-- Priority Inversion
A situation where a higher-priority task waits for a lower-priority task, leading to deadline misses.
-- Rate Monotonic Scheduling
A fixed-priority scheduling algorithm where tasks are prioritized based on their periodic intervals.
-- Earliest Deadline First Scheduling
A dynamic-priority scheduling algorithm that selects tasks based on the nearest deadline.

Additional Learning Materials

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