2.2. Bulk Flow

Try these first

1. 1.

   Define bulk flow in your own words.

   Hint

   Think about how substances move in a river.

2. 2.

   What is molecular diffusion?

   Hint

   Consider how smells spread in the air.

3. 3.

   What does bulk flow refer to?

   • Mixing of chemicals
   • Movement due to flow velocity
   • Diffusion only

   Hint

   Focus on the movement of fluid and not chemical mixing.

4. 4.

   True or False: In a lake's deeper areas, bulk flow predominates.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider the effects of wind only occurring at the surface.

5. 5.

   A river is flowing with a velocity of 2 m/s carrying a pollutant downstream. If the concentration of the pollutant is 5 mg/L, calculate the approximate total flux of pollution in the river flow.

   Hint

   Multiply the velocity by concentration to find the flux.

6. 6.

   Discuss the potential impacts of changing groundwater velocities due to increased rainfall on pollutant transport in a saturated zone.

   Hint

   Consider how changes to flow could alter the mass transport processes.