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Environmental Quality Monitoring & Analysis, - Vol 5
Explore and master the fundamentals of Environmental Quality Monitoring & Analysis, - Vol 5
You've not yet enrolled in this course. Please enroll for free to listen to audio lessons, classroom podcasts and take practice test.Chapter 1
Air-Water Exchange
The chapter discusses the air-water exchange processes, focusing on estimating the mixing length and performing Gaussian dispersion exercises. It covers the roles of mass flow, evaporation rates, and mass transfer coefficients in determining pollutant concentrations in interconnected air and water systems. The impact of assumptions, such as well-mixed conditions and initial chemical concentrations, on modeling and calculations is emphasized.
Chapter 2
Evaporation from Different Surfaces
The chapter discusses the principles of evaporation from different surfaces and the mathematical modeling required to predict the concentration of chemicals in the environment. It covers mass transfer coefficients, the role of various parameters in evaporation processes, and the significance of these models in environmental health and emergency response scenarios. Key concepts include understanding first-order reactions, dispersion modeling, and the importance of selecting appropriate correlations for specific environmental situations.
Chapter 3
Evaporation from Different Surfaces
The chapter discusses the dynamics of mass transfer in aquatic systems, focusing on the mechanisms of evaporation from water surfaces and the application of various mass transfer coefficients. It highlights the input of parameters such as wind speed and sediment characteristics, illustrating these concepts through case studies of spills in river systems. The importance of empirical correlations for predicting mass transfer rates in environmental quality monitoring is emphasized.
Chapter 4
Application of Interphase Mass Transfer
The chapter focuses on the application of interphase mass transfer, detailing the importance of dimensionless numbers such as the Sherwood, Reynolds, and Schmidt numbers in characterizing mass transfer processes. It discusses various correlations for mass transfer coefficients in different environmental contexts, such as lakes and rivers, and highlights the mathematical relationships that help in understanding these processes. Furthermore, it underscores the significance of accurate definitions and experimental measurements in the field of environmental mass transport.
Chapter 5
Contamination of Sediments
The chapter focuses on the dynamics of sediment contamination in environmental systems, particularly the interaction between solid sediments and liquid phases. It explains mechanisms such as dissolution and diffusion that govern the spread of dense and light non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in aquatic environments. It also discusses the implications of historical contamination and the complexities of modeling sediment-water interfaces for effective remediation strategies.
Chapter 6
Release from Sediments
This content explores the complexities of mass balance within sediment systems, particularly focusing on the processes of diffusion and the roles of porosity and adsorption. It emphasizes the critical concept of effective diffusivity in porous media and presents equations governing these processes, including the Millington Quirk expression for diffusion coefficients. The chapter also addresses local equilibrium assumptions in the context of adsorption and desorption dynamics.
Chapter 7
Unsteady State Release From Sediments
The chapter discusses the transport of contaminants in sediments and the mathematical modeling associated with it, focusing particularly on unsteady state release from sediments. Key concepts include understanding flux boundary conditions, semi-infinite boundary conditions, and the mathematical equations governing the process of diffusion and transport within a sediment domain.
Chapter 8
Other Mechanisms of Chemical Release From Sediments – Part 1
The chapter discusses the mechanisms of chemical release from sediments and how contaminants can be monitored and analyzed in aquatic environments. It covers the processes of diffusion and mass transfer, the role of sediment properties in contaminant behavior, and the implications for environmental quality and risk assessment. Key concepts include sediment-water interactions, flux dynamics, and the impact of resuspension on contaminant transport and aquatic ecosystems.
Chapter 9
Other Mechanisms of Chemical Release From Sediments – Part 2
The chapter discusses various mechanisms through which chemicals are released from sediments into water bodies, focusing primarily on processes such as diffusion, resuspension, bioturbation, and advection. It explains how biological agents enhance the transport of contaminants, the complexities of sediment composition, and the resulting implications on environmental quality and water safety. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for modeling sediment transport and assessing ecological impacts.
Chapter 10
Soil – Air Transfer
Soil-air interfaces play a critical role in the transfer of contaminants to groundwater, requiring an understanding of mass transfer principles for effective monitoring. Variables such as moisture content and partition coefficients significantly influence diffusion and convection processes. The impact of seasonal changes on flux and the methods for measuring concentrations and fluxes are also emphasized, showcasing the complexities involved in environmental monitoring.
Chapter 11
Soil – Air Transfer
The chapter delves into the mechanisms of contaminant transport in sediments, focusing on processes like bioturbation and advection-diffusion models. It emphasizes the importance of flux measurement and the role of sediment properties in the remediation of contaminated sites. Various methodologies for evaluating concentration gradients and providing evidence of contamination are discussed alongside case studies of successful remediation efforts.
Chapter 12
Introduction to Coastal Contamination
Coastal regions are significant due to their industries and the potential for sediment contamination. Management options for contaminated sediments include monitored natural recovery, in-situ capping, and dredging. Each method has its implications on environmental safety and effectiveness, highlighting the balance between remediation costs and ecological impacts.
Chapter 13
Introduction to Flux Measurement
The chapter discusses the principles of mass and energy transfer in the atmosphere, particularly focusing on the influence of moisture content and temperature gradients on flux measurements. It covers methods for calculating flux using gradient techniques and introduces important concepts such as turbulence and convective mass transfer. Additionally, it highlights the challenges and methodologies employed in measuring atmospheric parameters over various surfaces.