3. LIBERALISATION, PRIVATISATION AND GLOBALISATION AN APPRAISAL
The chapter discusses the economic reforms introduced in India during the 1991 crisis, highlighting the background, policies implemented, and their impacts on various sectors. It elaborates on the concepts of liberalisation, privatisation, and globalisation, emphasizing the challenges and opportunities they present for the Indian economy. The reform process is assessed in terms of its effects on growth, employment, and economic inequality.
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What we have learnt
- Liberalisation, privatisation, and globalisation are key components of the reform policies initiated in India in 1991.
- The Indian economy faced a significant crisis that necessitated external assistance and adoption of new economic policies.
- While the service sector has flourished post-reforms, agriculture and industry have struggled with growth and investment challenges.
Key Concepts
- -- Liberalisation
- The removal of restrictions on various sectors of the economy to promote competition and efficiency.
- -- Privatisation
- The transfer of ownership of public sector enterprises to private entities to improve efficiency and financial discipline.
- -- Globalisation
- The integration of the economy into the global market, involving increased trade and investment flows across borders.
- -- WTO
- The World Trade Organization, which aims to regulate international trade and ensure fair trade practices among member nations.
- -- FDI
- Foreign Direct Investment, where foreign entities invest directly in the economy of another nation, often establishing business operations or acquiring assets.
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