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Calculating IR Using Pan Evaporation
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Today, we're going to look at how we calculate the irrigation requirement, specifically using pan evaporation data. Who can remind us what the crop coefficient (Kc) represents?
Isn't the crop coefficient a factor that adjusts the reference evapotranspiration to be more accurate for specific crops?
Exactly right! The Kc allows us to tailor the evapotranspiration calculation for different crops. Now, if we have a Kc of 0.85, a pan coefficient of 0.7, and the pan evaporation is 6 mm/day, how do we calculate the Crop Evapotranspiration (ET)?
We would use the formula ET = Kc × Kp × Pan Evaporation. So, ET = 0.85 × 0.7 × 6.
Correct! What is the final value for ET?
It equals 3.57 mm/day.
Great job! This is how you calculate the requirements based on evaporation data. Can anyone share how this information can be used in real irrigation scheduling?
We can create a scheduling chart to track when and how much water to apply based on the ET we calculated.
Exactly! Final thoughts to summarize: today's example connected theory with practice by calculating ET using simple parameters.
Sample Irrigation Scheduling Chart
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Now that we’ve calculated ET, let’s discuss its application through an irrigation scheduling chart. What components might be included in such a chart?
It would show the crop stage, the ET rate, and the soil moisture status, right?
That's correct, and it would also specify irrigation intervals and the depth of irrigation required. Why do we need to factor these elements in?
To ensure efficient water usage and to prevent under- or over-irrigation!
Exactly! Monitoring these variables helps in optimizing agricultural yields. Do we think about these factors when planning our irrigation? What challenges might arise if we don't consider them?
We could either waste water through over-irrigation or damage crops through under-irrigation.
That's a significant point. A well-structured scheduling chart will mitigate these risks. Can anyone propose how they would create an effective chart based on our example?
I would start with the crop's growth cycle and then plot the expected ET in relation to that.
Great idea! Summarizing today's session: understanding how to create and utilize an irrigation scheduling chart is essential for optimal water management in agriculture.
Introduction & Overview
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Quick Overview
Standard
The section presents a detailed example for calculating irrigation requirements using the Pan Evaporation method, complemented by a sample irrigation scheduling chart that outlines critical irrigation data.
Detailed
Detailed Summary
The section on Case Studies and Examples primarily focuses on practical applications related to irrigation requirements and scheduling. It presents an example calculation for irrigation requirements (IR) using pan evaporation data and the necessary constants. Given the parameters, including the crop coefficient (Kc), pan coefficient, and the rate of pan evaporation, students first calculate crop evapotranspiration (ET). The example emphasizes how theoretical knowledge can be applied in practical scenarios, enhancing understanding of irrigation management.
Additionally, the section includes a sample irrigation scheduling chart that details the crop stage, the corresponding ET rate, soil moisture status, irrigation intervals, and the depth of irrigation. This supplementary material is crucial in linking theoretical insights from earlier sections of the chapter to real-world agricultural practices.
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Calculating Irrigation Requirement Using Pan Evaporation
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Given:
- Kc = 0.85,
- Pan coefficient = 0.7,
- Pan evaporation = 6 mm/day
ET = K × K × E = 0.85 × 0.7 × 6 = 3.57 mm/day
Detailed Explanation
In this example, we are calculating the crop evapotranspiration (ET) for irrigation purposes. The formula used combines the crop coefficient (Kc), the pan coefficient, and the daily pan evaporation rate to find the ET. In the expression, Kc reflects the crop's water needs relative to standard conditions, while the pan coefficient adjusts the evaporation from a class A evaporation pan to more accurately represent the conditions in which crops grow. Here, multiplying these values together gives us the ET of 3.57 mm/day, which helps determine how much water the crops require.
Examples & Analogies
Think of Kc as a recipe adjustment. If you're baking and the recipe calls for a certain temperature but your oven is stronger, you need to adjust the temperature (like modifying Kc) to get the best results. Similarly, if the amount of evaporation from a pan is 6 mm, but the crop doesn't need all of that due to its growing condition, we must adjust it with coefficients to find the actual water needs.
Sample Irrigation Scheduling Chart
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Includes crop stage, ET rate, soil moisture status, irrigation interval, and depth of irrigation.
Detailed Explanation
An irrigation scheduling chart is a practical tool used by farmers to manage their irrigation effectively. This chart would typically include several columns: the crop stage (indicating which phase of growth the crop is in), the evapotranspiration (ET) rate (showing how much water the crop is losing to evaporation), the current soil moisture status (to assess how much water is available), the irrigation interval (how often irrigation should occur), and the depth of irrigation (the amount of water to apply each time). By carefully monitoring and updating this chart, farmers can optimize water use, ensuring that crops receive the adequate hydration they need without wastage.
Examples & Analogies
Consider a chef planning a multi-course meal. They create a schedule that outlines when to start each dish based on cooking times (crop stage), what ingredients must be prepped (ET rate), how much of each ingredient they already have on hand (soil moisture), when they need to start cooking to serve everything hot (irrigation interval), and how much of each ingredient to use (depth of irrigation). Just like this planning ensures a successful meal, irrigation scheduling ensures healthy crops.
Definitions & Key Concepts
Learn essential terms and foundational ideas that form the basis of the topic.
Key Concepts
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Crop Water Requirement: The total amount of water needed for crops to grow and develop.
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Irrigation Scheduling: The process of determining when and how much water to apply to crops.
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Pan Evaporation: A method for estimating evapotranspiration based on water evaporation from a pan.
Examples & Real-Life Applications
See how the concepts apply in real-world scenarios to understand their practical implications.
Examples
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Calculating ET using Pan Evaporation: Given Kc = 0.85, Pan coefficient = 0.7, and Pan evaporation = 6 mm/day, the calculation shows ET = 3.57 mm/day.
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Creating an irrigation scheduling chart includes factors like crop stage, ET rate, irrigation interval, and soil moisture status.
Memory Aids
Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.
🎵 Rhymes Time
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To water the plant without dread, check your ET before the spread.
📖 Fascinating Stories
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Imagine a farmer who has a magic chart that tells him exactly when and how much water to give to his crops, ensuring they always thrive without wasting resources.
🧠 Other Memory Gems
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Remember CWR = IR + ER + GW + SW to keep in mind how water needs are calculated.
🎯 Super Acronyms
P.E.R.F.E.C.T. - Pan Evaporation Reflects Farm Evapotranspiration Calculations Timely.
Flash Cards
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Glossary of Terms
Review the Definitions for terms.
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Term: Crop Coefficient (Kc)
Definition:
A factor that adjusts reference evapotranspiration values for specific crops.
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Term: Pan Evaporation
Definition:
A method of measuring the amount of water evaporated from a shallow pan over a specified period.
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Term: Evapotranspiration (ET)
Definition:
The total amount of water lost through evaporation and plant transpiration.
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Term: Irrigation Requirement (IR)
Definition:
The total amount of water needed to be supplied to meet the crop's water requirement after accounting for effective rainfall.