Exercises - 1.6 | 5. Factorization | IB Class 10 Mathematics – Group 5, Algebra
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Interactive Audio Lesson

Listen to a student-teacher conversation explaining the topic in a relatable way.

Review of Factorization Techniques

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0:00
Teacher
Teacher

Today, we're going to review the techniques of factorization. Let's start with the basics: what is factorization?

Student 1
Student 1

Isn't factorization about breaking down expressions into factors?

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! We break down complex expressions into simpler ones. Can anyone give me an example of factorization?

Student 3
Student 3

Like how x² - 9 can be factored to (x - 3)(x + 3)?

Teacher
Teacher

"Great example! This is the difference of squares method, which is one of the techniques.

Solving Exercises

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Teacher
Teacher

Let's start with our exercises. First, factor x² - 16.

Student 4
Student 4

That would be (x - 4)(x + 4) since it's a difference of squares.

Teacher
Teacher

Correct! Now, how about x² + 10x + 25?

Student 1
Student 1

That's a perfect square trinomial, so it factors to (x + 5)(x + 5) or (x + 5)².

Teacher
Teacher

Excellent understanding! This shows us how important it is to recognize patterns. Let's continue with some grouping exercises.

Challenging Factorization Problems

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Teacher
Teacher

Now, let’s tackle a more challenging problem. Factor x³ - 27.

Student 2
Student 2

That’s a difference of cubes, so it would factor to (x - 3)(x² + 3x + 9).

Teacher
Teacher

Correct again! What about factoring 3x² + 6x?

Student 3
Student 3

The GCF is 3x, so it factors to 3x(x + 2).

Teacher
Teacher

Great job! Last question: what do we do if we have four or more terms?

Student 4
Student 4

We can try factorization by grouping.

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! Remember, practice will help reinforce these strategies so you can tackle any problem with confidence.

Introduction & Overview

Read a summary of the section's main ideas. Choose from Basic, Medium, or Detailed.

Quick Overview

This section contains exercises designed to reinforce the techniques of factorization covered in the chapter.

Standard

In this section, students are presented with a variety of exercises that challenge them to apply their understanding of different factorization techniques, such as the difference of squares, perfect square trinomials, and factorization by grouping.

Detailed

Exercises

This section provides a series of exercises that aim to reinforce the various factorization methods discussed in the chapter on factorization. By practicing different types of factorization problems, students will solidify their understanding of key concepts, from identifying common factors to using more advanced methods like grouping and special products.

Exercises Overview

  • The exercises are designed to be categorized by difficulty: easy, medium, and hard.
  • Each exercise engages students through varied problem formats, ensuring they apply the learned techniques effectively.

These exercises are crucial for mastering the essential skill of factorization, which underpins much of algebra and prepares students for more advanced mathematical concepts in calculus and beyond.

Audio Book

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Exercise 1: Factorize x² - 16

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  1. Factorize 𝑥² −16.

Detailed Explanation

To factor the expression x² - 16, we recognize this as a difference of squares, which follows the identity a² - b² = (a - b)(a + b). In this case, a is x and b is 4 because 4² = 16. Thus, the factorization is (x - 4)(x + 4).

Examples & Analogies

Imagine you have two squares. One is x² and the other is 4² (which is the area of a square with a side length of 4). If you take away the smaller square from the larger one, you can represent the space left as the product of the edges of the remaining shapes, which is (x - 4)(x + 4).

Exercise 2: Factorize x² + 10x + 25

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  1. Factorize 𝑥² +10𝑥 +25.

Detailed Explanation

The expression x² + 10x + 25 can be recognized as a perfect square trinomial since it can be rewritten using the identity a² + 2ab + b² = (a + b)². Here, a is x and b is 5, making it (x + 5)².

Examples & Analogies

Think of it like building a perfect square garden. If each side of the garden is x + 5 meters, then the total area (which represents our expression) will be exactly (x + 5)(x + 5) or (x + 5)².

Exercise 3: Factorize x³ - 27

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  1. Factorize 𝑥³ −27.

Detailed Explanation

This expression is a difference of cubes. We apply the formula a³ - b³ = (a - b)(a² + ab + b²). Here, a is x and b is 3 because 3³ = 27. Thus, we factor it as (x - 3)(x² + 3x + 9).

Examples & Analogies

Imagine you have a cube of sugar (which represents x³) and you want to break it down into smaller pieces. If you remove a smaller cube (like 27, which is the volume of a cube with a side length of 3), what you're left with is a combination of the remaining cube and some smaller pieces which can be expressed as (x - 3)(x² + 3x + 9).

Exercise 4: Factorize 3x² + 6x

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  1. Factorize 3𝑥² +6𝑥.

Detailed Explanation

To factor this expression, we first identify the greatest common factor (GCF) among the terms, which is 3x. We can factor out 3x, resulting in: 3x(x + 2).

Examples & Analogies

Think of having 3x² candies and 6x candies. To simplify, you can group them into boxes of candies, where each box contains 3x, making it easier to understand how many total boxes you have by counting just the boxes rather than individual candies.

Exercise 5: Factorize x³ + 3x² + x + 3 by Grouping

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  1. Factorize 𝑥³ +3𝑥² +𝑥 +3 by grouping.

Detailed Explanation

In this expression, we can group terms: (x³ + 3x²) + (x + 3). We factor each group separately. From the first group, we can factor out x², yielding x²(x + 3). From the second group, we can factor out 1, yielding 1(x + 3). Now we have: x²(x + 3) + 1(x + 3). Factoring out the common factor (x + 3), we get (x + 3)(x² + 1).

Examples & Analogies

Imagine organizing your books (x³ + 3x²) and notebooks (x + 3) on a shelf. By grouping your books together and your notebooks together, you make the organization easier and identify that they both have a common item—let's call it 'shelves' which can be factored out.

Exercise 6: Factorize x² + 5x - 14

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  1. Factorize 𝑥² +5𝑥 −14.

Detailed Explanation

To factor this quadratic trinomial, we look for two numbers that multiply to -14 and add to 5. The numbers 7 and -2 meet these criteria. Thus, we can express the factorization as (x + 7)(x - 2).

Examples & Analogies

Imagine you have a rectangle that you want to express in a new way: you need to find two sides that represent both the area and perimeter. By realizing that 7 and -2 are your side lengths, you can rewrite the space in the most efficient form (x + 7)(x - 2) to illustrate how they come together.

Definitions & Key Concepts

Learn essential terms and foundational ideas that form the basis of the topic.

Key Concepts

  • Factorization: The process of rewriting expressions as a product of factors.

  • Common Factors: Finding the largest shared factor among terms simplifies expressions.

  • Difference of Squares: A method of factorization specifically for expressions of the form a² - b².

  • Perfect Square Trinomials: Recognizing patterns that allow for simplification into (a ± b)².

  • Factoring by Grouping: A technique used especially for polynomials with four or more terms.

Examples & Real-Life Applications

See how the concepts apply in real-world scenarios to understand their practical implications.

Examples

  • Example 1: Factor x² - 16 = (x - 4)(x + 4).

  • Example 2: Factor x² + 10x + 25 = (x + 5)².

  • Example 3: Factor x³ - 27 = (x - 3)(x² + 3x + 9).

  • Example 4: Factor 3x² + 6x = 3x(x + 2).

  • Example 5: Factor x³ + 3x² + x + 3 by grouping = (x² + 3)(x + 1).

Memory Aids

Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.

🎵 Rhymes Time

  • When numbers differ, don’t be a fool, Factoring squares is a smart math tool.

📖 Fascinating Stories

  • Imagine you have a big box of chocolates, some square and some round. Breaking them open helps you share with friends—just like breaking down equations!

🧠 Other Memory Gems

  • Remember the acronym G.P.O. for factorization: G for Grouping, P for Perfect square trinomials, O for Other methods like difference of squares.

🎯 Super Acronyms

F.A.C.T.O.R. means

  • Find A common factor
  • Check for squares
  • Try grouping
  • Organize your terms
  • Review your steps.

Flash Cards

Review key concepts with flashcards.

Glossary of Terms

Review the Definitions for terms.

  • Term: Factorization

    Definition:

    The process of expressing a mathematical expression as a product of its factors.

  • Term: Common Factor

    Definition:

    A number or variable that divides two or more terms evenly.

  • Term: Difference of Squares

    Definition:

    A special product where a² - b² = (a - b)(a + b).

  • Term: Perfect Square Trinomial

    Definition:

    An expression in the form a² ± 2ab + b² which factors to (a ± b)².

  • Term: Quadratic Expression

    Definition:

    A polynomial of degree two, often in the form ax² + bx + c.

  • Term: Grouping

    Definition:

    A method of factorization that involves grouping terms in pairs and factoring out common factors.

  • Term: Trinomial

    Definition:

    A polynomial consisting of three terms.