IB 12 Biology | Scientific Investigation Skills by Prakhar Chauhan | Learn Smarter
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Scientific Investigation Skills

Scientific Investigation Skills

The chapter emphasizes the importance of designing experiments by identifying variables, controls, and ensuring reliability and validity in research. It covers data collection and analysis techniques, the significance of various graph types for biological data representation, and the elements of writing lab reports and internal assessments. Each section integrates practical guidelines and examples to support effective experimental design and reporting.

15 sections

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Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 1
    Designing Experiments: Variables, Controls, Reliability, Validity

    This section outlines the essential components of designing experiments...

  2. 1.1
    Research Question And Hypothesis

    This section explains the significance of developing a clear research...

  3. 1.2

    This section discusses key elements in designing experiments, focusing on...

  4. 1.3

    This section outlines the role of controls in experimental design,...

  5. 1.4

    Reliability refers to the consistency of results in experimental research.

  6. 1.5

    This section discusses validity in experimental design, emphasizing the...

  7. 2
    Data Collection And Analysis

    This section outlines the processes involved in collecting and analyzing...

  8. 2.1
    Data Collection

    This section outlines the essential processes and principles of data...

  9. 2.2
    Data Analysis

    This section focuses on the systematic approach to data collection and...

  10. 3
    Graphing And Interpreting Biological Data

    This section covers the essentials of graphing biological data and how to...

  11. 3.1

    This section focuses on the techniques and principles of graphing biological...

  12. 3.2
    Interpretation

    This section discusses the interpretation of biological data, focusing on...

  13. 4
    Writing Lab Reports And Internal Assessments

    This section outlines the essential elements needed for writing effective...

  14. 4.1
    Structure Of A Lab Report

    This section outlines the essential components of a lab report, including...

  15. 4.2
    Internal Assessment (Ia) Specifics

    This section outlines the essentials of internal assessments, focusing on...

What we have learnt

  • A well-defined research question and hypothesis are essential for guiding experiments.
  • Understanding the role of independent, dependent, and controlled variables is critical in experimentation.
  • The reliability and validity of results can be enhanced through rigorous methodology and appropriate statistical analysis.

Key Concepts

-- Research Question
A focused and testable question that directs an investigation, clearly mentioning independent and dependent variables.
-- Hypothesis
A predictive statement expected to outline the relationship between variables based on scientific reasoning.
-- Independent Variable (IV)
The variable that is purposely manipulated in an experiment.
-- Dependent Variable (DV)
The variable being measured or observed, which responds to changes in the independent variable.
-- Reliability
The degree to which consistent results are obtained in an experiment.
-- Validity
The extent to which an experiment accurately measures what it intends to measure.

Additional Learning Materials

Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.