Non-literary texts are ubiquitous in our daily lives – from political speeches to advertising campaigns, news articles to public service announcements. Unlike literary texts, their primary purpose is usually to inform, persuade, or instruct, rather than to evoke a purely aesthetic or emotional experience. Your analysis should focus on understanding the text's purpose, its intended audience, and the strategies it employs to achieve its goals.

○ What is the explicit and implicit purpose of this text? (To persuade, inform, entertain, provoke, instruct, apologize, condemn, celebrate).
○ Who is the intended audience? (e.g., general public, specific demographic, experts, voters, consumers). How does the text tailor its language, tone, and arguments to appeal to this specific group?
○ Example: An advertisement for a luxury car targets a different demographic and employs different appeals than a public health warning.

○ When and where was this text produced? (Historical period, specific event, cultural climate).
○ How does the context influence the text's meaning, reception, and persuasive power? For instance, a wartime speech will have a different persuasive dynamic than a corporate press release.

○ Ethos (Credibility/Authority): How does the text establish the credibility or trustworthiness of the speaker/writer? (e.g., qualifications, experience, moral character, endorsements, shared values).
○ Pathos (Emotion): How does the text appeal to the audience's emotions? (e.g., fear, hope, sympathy, anger, nostalgia, humor). Look for emotionally charged language, anecdotes, or evocative imagery.
○ Logos (Logic/Reason): How does the text appeal to the audience's rationality? (e.g., facts, statistics, logical arguments, cause-and-effect reasoning, expert testimony, analogies).
○ Often, texts employ a combination of these appeals, with one perhaps being more dominant. Explain how they are used.

○ Beyond the appeals, identify specific techniques used to influence:
■ Repetition/Anaphora: Repeating words or phrases for emphasis or rhythm (e.g., "I have a dream... I have a dream...").
■ Rhetorical Questions: Questions posed for effect, not requiring an answer (e.g., "Can we afford to ignore this crisis?").
■ Hyperbole/Understatement: Exaggeration or downplaying for effect.
■ Euphemism: Using mild or indirect language for something unpleasant (e.g., "passed away" instead of "died").
■ Juxtaposition: Placing two contrasting ideas side-by-side to highlight differences.
■ Appeals to Authority/Fear/Patriotism: Using well-known figures, threats, or national pride to persuade.
■ Ad Hominem: Attacking the person rather than the argument (often found in political discourse).
■ Statistics and Data: How are numbers used? Are they presented objectively or spun for a particular effect?
■ Anecdotes: Short, personal stories used to illustrate a point or create connection.

○ Diction (Word Choice): Is the language formal, informal, technical, colloquial, loaded, evocative? How does specific word choice influence tone and meaning?
○ Syntax (Sentence Structure): Are sentences short and direct (for impact) or long and complex (for detailed explanation)? Does the structure create a sense of urgency, authority, or informality?
○ Tone: What is the overall attitude of the writer/speaker? (e.g., urgent, authoritative, sarcastic, optimistic, critical, empathetic).

○ For visual texts like advertisements, infographics:
○ Composition and Layout: How are elements arranged on the page? What is emphasized?
○ Colour: What connotations do the colors have?
○ Typography (Fonts): Does the font choice convey a particular message (e.g., playful, serious, traditional)?
○ Imagery: What are the subjects of any images? What do they symbolize or suggest? How do they support the text's message?
○ Gaze: Where do figures in an image look? Do they engage the viewer directly?

Your analysis must consistently link these observations back to the text's purpose and its intended impact on the audience, demonstrating an awareness of the strategic choices made by the communicator.