IB Grade 9 Chemistry | Chapter 3: Chemical Bonding and Structure by Prakhar Chauhan | Learn Smarter
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Chapter 3: Chemical Bonding and Structure

Chemical bonding revolves around the principle of electron stability, with atoms striving for noble gas configurations through ionic and covalent bonding. Ionic bonding involves electron transfer between metals and non-metals, resulting in the formation of cations and anions, while covalent bonding entails the sharing of electrons between non-metals. The type of bonding significantly influences the physical properties of compounds, such as melting points, electrical conductivity, and solubility.

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Sections

  • 3

    Chemical Bonding And Structure

    This section examines how atoms bond to achieve electron stability through ionic and covalent bonding.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.1

    The Fundamental Imperative: Achieving Electron Stability

    This section discusses the principles of atomic stability driven by electron configurations and the mechanisms of ionic and covalent bonding.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.2

    Ionic Bonding: The Electrostatic Symphony Of Electron Transfer

    Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bond formed through electron transfer between a metal and a non-metal, resulting in the formation of cations and anions and an electrostatic attraction that leads to the creation of ionic compounds.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.3

    Covalent Bonding: The Cooperative Sharing Of Electrons

    Covalent bonding is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, typically between non-metals, allowing them to achieve stable electron configurations.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.4

    Structure And Properties: The Direct Relationship To Bonding Type

    The interaction of atoms through ionic and covalent bonding fundamentally determines the physical properties of compounds, such as melting point, boiling point, and conductivity.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.2.1

    Properties Of Ionic Compounds

    Ionic compounds exhibit distinct physical properties such as high melting and boiling points, hardness, brittleness, electrical conductivity in liquid states, and solubility in water.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.2.1.1

    High Melting And Boiling Points

    Ionic compounds exhibit high melting and boiling points due to strong electrostatic forces in their crystal lattice, distinguishing them from covalent compounds with lower thermal stability.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.2.1.2

    Hard And Brittle Solids

    This section explores the characteristics of hard and brittle solids, particularly focusing on ionic compounds and their distinct physical properties.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.2.1.3

    Electrical Conductivity

    This section explores how the type of bonding in ionic and covalent compounds affects their electrical conductivity.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.2.1.4

    Solubility In Water

    This section discusses the solubility of ionic compounds in water, emphasizing the interactions between water molecules and ions.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.2.1.5

    Low Volatility

    This section discusses the low volatility property of ionic compounds and its implications due to strong interionic forces.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.3.1

    Properties Of Covalent Compounds (Molecular Substances)

    Covalent compounds are molecular substances characterized by the sharing of electrons between atoms, leading to unique properties.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.3.1.1

    Low Melting And Boiling Points

    This section discusses the characteristics and properties of ionic and covalent compounds, focusing on their melting and boiling points.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.3.1.2

    Poor Electrical Conductivity

    This section explains that covalent compounds generally exhibit poor electrical conductivity due to the lack of free-moving charged particles.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.3.1.3

    Variable Solubility

    This section discusses the variable solubility of ionic and covalent compounds in water and the factors influencing solubility.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.3.1.4

    High Volatility

    High volatility pertains to the nature of certain substances to easily transition to a gaseous state due to weak intermolecular forces.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.3.1.5

    Soft Solids Or Gaseous/liquid States At Room Temperature

    This section discusses the unique properties of soft solids, liquids, and gases formed primarily through covalent bonding, emphasizing their behavior at room temperature.

    Learning Practice

References

Untitled document (12).pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Atoms achieve stability by ...
  • Ionic bonding involves stro...
  • Covalent bonding results fr...

Final Test

Revision Tests