IB 12 Biology | Evolution and Biodiversity by Prakhar Chauhan | Learn Smarter
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Evolution and Biodiversity

Evolution and Biodiversity

Evolution is the cumulative change in heritable characteristics of populations over time, supported by evidence from the fossil record, selective breeding, homologous structures, molecular evidence, and biogeography. Natural selection drives species evolution by promoting advantageous traits, resulting in adaptation and speciation. Classification based on evolutionary relationships aids in understanding biodiversity and the phylogeny of organisms.

23 sections

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Sections

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  1. 5
    Evolution And Biodiversity

    This section covers the principles of evolution, the evidence supporting it,...

  2. 5.1
    Evidence For Evolution

    This section discusses various forms of evidence that support the theory of...

  3. 5.1.1
    Fossil Record

    The fossil record provides crucial evidence of evolution, demonstrating the...

  4. 5.1.2
    Selective Breeding (Artificial Selection)

    Selective breeding is a process where humans breed plants and animals for...

  5. 5.1.3
    Homologous Structures

    Homologous structures showcase similarities among different species that...

  6. 5.1.4
    Molecular Evidence

    Molecular evidence, including DNA and protein sequence comparisons, supports...

  7. 5.1.5
    Biogeography

    Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems,...

  8. 5.2
    Natural Selection And Speciation

    This section covers the process of natural selection and how it contributes...

  9. 5.2.1

    Variation is essential for evolution, arising from mutation, meiosis, and...

  10. 5.2.2
    Overproduction Of Offspring

    Overproduction of offspring leads to competition for limited resources...

  11. 5.2.3
    Differential Survival And Reproduction

    Differential survival and reproduction highlight how advantageous traits...

  12. 5.2.4

    Adaptation refers to heritable traits that enhance an organism's chances for...

  13. 5.2.5

    Speciation is the process through which new species arise from existing...

  14. 5.3
    Classification And Phylogeny

    This section outlines how organisms are categorized into groups based on...

  15. 5.3.1
    Binomial Nomenclature

    Binomial nomenclature is a two-part naming system for species that includes...

  16. 5.3.2
    Hierarchical Classification

    Hierarchical classification organizes living organisms into groups based on...

  17. 5.3.3
    Domains Of Life

    The section discusses the three primary domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea,...

  18. 5.3.4
    Natural Classification

    Natural classification groups organisms based on their evolutionary...

  19. 5.4
    Cladistics And Evolutionary Relationships

    Cladistics is a method of classifying organisms based on shared...

  20. 5.4.1

    This section explores clades, the groups of organisms that include an...

  21. 5.4.2

    Cladograms are tree-like diagrams that illustrate evolutionary relationships...

  22. 5.4.3
    Molecular Clocks

    Molecular clocks are techniques used to estimate the time of divergence...

  23. 5.4.4
    Reclassification Based On Cladistics

    This section discusses how advancements in molecular biology have influenced...

What we have learnt

  • Evolution is defined as the cumulative change in heritable traits over time.
  • Natural selection is a key mechanism of evolution that favors advantageous traits.
  • Classification and phylogeny organize living organisms based on their evolutionary relationships.

Key Concepts

-- Evolution
The cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population over time.
-- Natural Selection
The process through which advantageous traits become more common in a population due to greater survival and reproductive success.
-- Speciation
The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
-- Cladistics
A method of classifying organisms based on common ancestry and evolutionary relationships.
-- Binomial Nomenclature
The system of naming species with a two-part Latin name, consisting of the genus and species.

Additional Learning Materials

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