Chemistry in Everyday Life - 15 | Chapter 15: Chemistry in Everyday Life | ICSE Class 12 Chemistry
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Interactive Audio Lesson

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Classification of Drugs

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0:00
Teacher
Teacher

Today, we're going to talk about how we classify drugs. Can anyone tell me what a drug is?

Student 1
Student 1

A drug is a substance that can treat diseases, right?

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! Drugs are classified mainly by their pharmacological effects. For instance, Analgesics help relieve pain. Who can give me an example of an analgesic?

Student 2
Student 2

Paracetamol!

Teacher
Teacher

Great! Now, why do you think it's important to classify drugs?

Student 3
Student 3

So we can understand how they work and which ones to use for different conditions!

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! Remembering the acronym PECSβ€”Pharmacological effect, Enzyme interaction, Chemical structureβ€”to summarize the classification can be helpful. Let's continue.

Therapeutic Action of Antacids and Antihistamines

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Teacher
Teacher

Next, let's discuss antacids and antihistamines. Can anyone tell me what antacids do?

Student 4
Student 4

I think they help with acid in the stomach.

Teacher
Teacher

Correct! They neutralize excess acid. What are some common antacids you know?

Student 1
Student 1

Aluminium hydroxide!

Teacher
Teacher

Perfect! Now, how about antihistamines? What is their function?

Student 3
Student 3

They block histamine to treat allergies.

Teacher
Teacher

Awesome! An easy way to remember antacids is the phrase 'A pacifier for your stomach,' since they soothe discomfort.

Chemicals in Food

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Teacher
Teacher

Now, shifting gears, let’s look at the chemicals used in food. Why do you think artificial sweeteners are popular?

Student 2
Student 2

They help people with diabetes enjoy sweet things!

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! Aspartame is quite common but unstable at high heat. Can anyone share a preservative used in food?

Student 4
Student 4

Sodium benzoate!

Teacher
Teacher

That's right! An easy way to remember food preservatives is that they 'keep food alive longer' by preventing spoilage.

Cleansing Agents

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Teacher
Teacher

Lastly, let's talk about cleansing agents. Can anyone explain the difference between soaps and synthetic detergents?

Student 1
Student 1

Soaps are made from natural sources like fats, but detergents are made from petroleum!

Teacher
Teacher

Well done! And why are detergents preferred in hard water?

Student 3
Student 3

Because soaps form scum in hard water!

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! Remembering 'Soaps scum, Detergents gleam' can help differentiate them!

Introduction & Overview

Read a summary of the section's main ideas. Choose from Basic, Medium, or Detailed.

Quick Overview

This section illustrates how chemistry is pivotal in our daily lives through drugs, food additives, and cleansing agents.

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Grade 12 | Chemistry | Chemistry in everyday life | Free Tutorial | CBSE | ICSE | State Board
Grade 12 | Chemistry | Chemistry in everyday life | Free Tutorial | CBSE | ICSE | State Board
CBSE Class 12 || Chemistry || Chemistry in Everyday Life || Animation || in English
CBSE Class 12 || Chemistry || Chemistry in Everyday Life || Animation || in English
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry || Chemistry in Everyday Life || Full Chapter || By Shiksha House
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry || Chemistry in Everyday Life || Full Chapter || By Shiksha House
Grade 12 | Chemistry | Chemistry in everyday life | Free Tutorial | CBSE | ICSE | State Board
Grade 12 | Chemistry | Chemistry in everyday life | Free Tutorial | CBSE | ICSE | State Board

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Introduction to Chemistry in Daily Life

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Chemistry is not just a subject studied in laboratoriesβ€”it is an integral part of our daily life. From the toothpaste we use in the morning to the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the medicines we consume, and the cosmetics we applyβ€”everything involves chemistry. This chapter focuses on how chemicals affect human health and hygiene, particularly in the form of drugs, cleansing agents, and food additives.

Detailed Explanation

Chemistry is everywhere in our daily existence. It is involved in various aspects like personal care, food, clothing, and healthcare. For example, when you brush your teeth, the toothpaste you use contains chemical compounds that help clean your teeth and provide fluoride to prevent cavities. Similarly, medications are chemical substances that help treat or prevent diseases. Understanding chemistry helps to appreciate its role in hygiene, health, and nutrition.

Examples & Analogies

Think of chemistry as the invisible glue that holds our daily routines together. Just as a conductor leads an orchestra to create harmony from different instruments, chemistry brings together various substances to improve our lives, from the food on our plates to the medicines in our cabinets.

Definitions & Key Concepts

Learn essential terms and foundational ideas that form the basis of the topic.

Key Concepts

  • Drug Classification: Drugs can be categorized based on pharmacological effects, action on targets, chemical structure, and molecular targets.

  • Antacids: Substances that neutralize stomach acid, helping alleviate discomfort.

  • Antihistamines: Medications that block the actions of histamine to treat allergic symptoms.

  • Cleansing Agents: Includes soaps, made from natural sources, and synthetic detergents, which are effective in hard water.

Examples & Real-Life Applications

See how the concepts apply in real-world scenarios to understand their practical implications.

Examples

  • Paracetamol is an example of an analgesic drug used for pain relief.

  • Sodium benzoate is a common food preservative that helps prevent spoilage.

Memory Aids

Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.

🎡 Rhymes Time

  • When you feel pain, take an analgesic, to help you feel less acidic!

πŸ“– Fascinating Stories

  • Imagine a world where food doesn’t spoil. Special chemical superheroes, called preservatives, rush in to save the day.

🧠 Other Memory Gems

  • Remember 'A PAC': Antacids, Pain relievers, Antibiotics, Cleansers - major categories of chemistries we use daily.

🎯 Super Acronyms

SOAP - 'Saves On All Problems' as a reminder that soaps are great for cleaning almost everything but hard water.

Flash Cards

Review key concepts with flashcards.

Glossary of Terms

Review the Definitions for terms.

  • Term: Drug

    Definition:

    A chemical substance used for diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases.

  • Term: Analgesics

    Definition:

    Drugs that relieve pain.

  • Term: Antiseptics

    Definition:

    Substances that prevent infection.

  • Term: Antacids

    Definition:

    Substances that neutralize excess stomach acid.

  • Term: Antihistamines

    Definition:

    Drugs that block histamine receptors to treat allergies.

  • Term: Antimicrobials

    Definition:

    Agents that kill or inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms.

  • Term: Food Preservatives

    Definition:

    Substances added to food to prevent spoilage.

  • Term: Cleansing Agents

    Definition:

    Products used for cleaning purposes, including soaps and detergents.

15.1 Drugs and Their Classification

A drug is defined as a chemical substance used to diagnose, prevent, or treat diseases, often interacting with biomolecules to elicit a biological response.

15.1.1 Classification of Drugs

Drugs can be classified based on several criteria:
1. Pharmacological Effect: Grouped by the biological impacts they cause, such as:
- Analgesics (e.g., paracetamol) for pain relief
- Antiseptics (e.g., Dettol) for infection prevention
2. Drug Action on Target: Based on their interaction with biological targets like enzymes and receptors.
3. Chemical Structure: Drugs with similar chemical constructs typically show similar effects (e.g., sulphonamides are antibacterial).
4. Molecular Targets: Specific drugs bind to certain macromolecules, such as proteins, to exert their effects.Drugs and Their Classification - Uses ...

15.2 Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs

  1. Antacids: Neutralize stomach acidity (e.g., Aluminium hydroxide, Ranitidine).
  2. Antihistamines: Block histamine receptors to treat allergies (e.g., Cetirizine).
  3. Neurologically Active Drugs: Affect nerve impulse transmission:
  4. Tranquilizers: Treat anxiety (e.g., Diazepam).
  5. Analgesics: Include both non-narcotic (e.g., Ibuprofen) and narcotic (e.g., Morphine) types.
  6. Antimicrobials: Control harmful microorganisms:
  7. Antibiotics (e.g., Penicillin) and disinfectants (e.g., Phenol).
  8. Antifertility Drugs: Prevent conception (e.g., Mifepristone).Therapeutic Action of Drugs - Types ...

15.3 Chemicals in Food

Substances are added to food for enhanced flavor, longevity, or aesthetic appeal:
- Artificial Sweeteners (e.g., Sucralose) cater to dietary needs.
- Food Preservatives (e.g., Sodium benzoate) prevent spoilage through microbial action.food chemical safety ...

15.4 Cleansing Agents

Common cleansing agents include soaps and synthetic detergents.
- Soaps: Produced from natural fats but less effective in hard water.
- Synthetic Detergents: More efficient in hard water and include various types (anionic, cationic, non-ionic). Soap and Detergent: Chemistry, Uses ...

Summary

Chemicals in our daily routines involve critical substances like drugs and food additives, impacting health and hygiene. Understanding these components empowers informed choices regarding health and nutrition.