Verbs are words that express an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. They are the core of any sentence.

1. Main Verbs (Lexical Verbs): These carry the primary meaning of the action or state.
   Examples: run, eat, sleep, think, believe, exist
2. Auxiliary Verbs (Helping Verbs): These help the main verb to form tenses, moods, or voices.
   Examples: be (am, is, are, was, were), do (do, does, did), have (has, have, had)

Modal Verbs: A special type of auxiliary verb that expresses possibility, necessity, permission, etc.
Examples: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would

1. Transitive Verbs: Verbs that require a direct object to complete their meaning. The action passes from the subject to the object.
   Example: She writes a letter. (writes what? a letter)
2. Intransitive Verbs: Verbs that do not require a direct object to complete their meaning. The action does not pass to an object.
   Example: He slept soundly. (slept what? No object needed)

Tenses indicate the time an action or state occurs. We will focus on the Present, Past, and Future tenses, each with Simple, Continuous, and Perfect forms.

1. Simple Present Tense: Form: Base form of the verb (add -s/-es for third person singular).
   Uses:
2. To express habitual actions or routines. (e.g., I walk to school every day.)
3. To state general truths or facts. (e.g., The sun rises in the east.)
4. To describe events in a narrative or instructions. (e.g., First, you take the flour...)
5. Present Continuous Tense: Form: is/am/are + verb-ing
   Uses:
6. To describe actions happening at the moment of speaking. (e.g., She is reading a book now.)
7. To describe temporary actions. (e.g., He is studying for his exams this week.)
8. To describe planned future events. (e.g., We are visiting grandparents tomorrow.)
9. Present Perfect Tense: Form: has/have + past participle (V3)
   Uses:
10. To describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present. (e.g., I have lived here for five years.)
11. To describe an action completed in the recent past with a result in the present. (e.g., She has finished her homework, so she can play now.)
12. To describe experiences without specifying a time. (e.g., I have visited Paris.)

1. Simple Past Tense: Form: Past form of the verb (V2).
   Uses:
2. To describe actions completed at a specific time in the past. (e.g., He went to the park yesterday.)
3. To describe a series of completed actions in the past. (e.g., She woke up, ate breakfast, and left for school.)
4. Past Continuous Tense: Form: was/were + verb-ing
   Uses:
5. To describe an action that was ongoing at a particular time in the past. (e.g., At 8 PM, I was watching TV.)
6. To describe an ongoing action interrupted by another past action. (e.g., While I was sleeping, the phone rang.)
7. Past Perfect Tense: Form: had + past participle (V3)
   Uses:
8. To describe an action that was completed before another action in the past. This is used to show the sequence of two past events.
   Example: By the time he arrived, I had already eaten dinner. (Eating dinner happened before he arrived.)

1. Simple Future Tense: Form: will/shall + base form of the verb (shall is mostly used with I/we in formal contexts)
   Uses:
2. To express future actions or predictions. (e.g., I will go to the market tomorrow. It will rain soon.)
3. To express spontaneous decisions. (e.g., Oh, I will help you with that.)
4. Future Continuous Tense: Form: will be + verb-ing
   Uses:
5. To describe an action that will be ongoing at a specific time in the future. (e.g., Tomorrow at 10 AM, I will be studying.)
6. To describe an action that will be in progress over a period in the future. (e.g., They will be travelling all next week.)
7. Future Perfect Tense: Form: will have + past participle (V3)
   Uses:
8. To describe an action that will be completed before a specific time or another action in the future.
   Example: By next year, I will have completed my project. (The project will be finished before next year.)