Ratio Fundamentals - 1 | Chapter 2 : Ratio and Proportion | ICSE 8 Maths
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Ratio Fundamentals

1 - Ratio Fundamentals

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Interactive Audio Lesson

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Introduction to Ratios

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Today, we're going to explore the concept of **ratio**! A ratio is a comparison between two quantities. For example, if there are 3 boys and 4 girls in a class, we can express this as a ratio of 3:4. Does anyone know why we use ratios?

Student 1
Student 1

To compare things, like how many boys to girls!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! Ratios help us see the relationship between quantities. Here’s a memory aid: remember 'R' for Ratio and 'R' for Relationship. Now, let’s talk about equivalent ratios.

Student 2
Student 2

What are equivalent ratios?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Great question! Equivalent ratios have the same relationship. For instance, 2:3, 4:6, and 6:9 are all equivalent. If one ratio has a certain relationship, then others can match it by multiplying the terms by the same factor!

Student 3
Student 3

So if we double the numbers, they stay equivalent?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Precisely! Remember: **Multiply to Match**. Now, let’s move on to simplifying ratios.

Simplifying Ratios

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

To simplify a ratio, we find the greatest common divisor or GCD. For example, let’s simplify 15:20. What’s the GCD of 15 and 20?

Student 4
Student 4

Is it 5?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Correct! Now if we divide both terms by 5, what do we get?

Student 1
Student 1

3:4!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly, and now we have the ratio in its simplest form. Remember: **GCD for Simplicity**. Next, we’ll explore proportion.

Understanding Proportions

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Proportions tell us about the equality of two ratios. Can anyone tell me the difference between direct and inverse proportions?

Student 2
Student 2

Isn’t direct when one increases and the other also increases?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Absolutely, that’s correct! Remember: **Direct = Same Direction**. In contrast, what about inverse proportions?

Student 3
Student 3

Is that where one goes up and the other goes down?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! That’s **Inverse = Opposite Direction**. It's all about the effects of changing one variable. Now let's apply these concepts to real-world scenarios.

Unitary Method

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Let’s apply these concepts using the unitary method. If 5 books cost β‚Ή750, how do we find the cost of 1 book?

Student 4
Student 4

We divide β‚Ή750 by 5!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Correct! That gives us β‚Ή150. What if I wanted the cost of 8 books?

Student 1
Student 1

We multiply β‚Ή150 by 8, which is β‚Ή1,200!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Fantastic! Remember: **Find One, Scale Up**. Now, let's touch on percentages.

Applications of Ratios and Percentages

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Lastly, percentages are another way to express ratios! For computing percentages, we use the formula: Percentage = (Part / Whole) Γ— 100. Can anyone give an example?

Student 2
Student 2

If we have 25 out of 100 students passing, that would be 25%!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! Remember: **Part over Whole times 100**. Now, let’s discuss how we see this in everyday life, like during sales!

Introduction & Overview

Read summaries of the section's main ideas at different levels of detail.

Quick Overview

This section introduces the concepts of ratio and proportion, highlighting their significance in comparing quantities and establishing relationships between them.

Audio Book

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Understanding Ratio

Chapter 1 of 1

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Chapter Content

Ratio a:b or a/b 3:4 (3 boys to 4 girls)

Detailed Explanation

A ratio is a way to compare two quantities by using division. It tells us how much of one thing there is compared to another. For example, in the ratio 3:4, we see that for every 3 boys, there are 4 girls. This means the relationship between boys and girls can be understood through this ratio, giving us a clear picture of how they compare to each other.

Examples & Analogies

Think of a fruit salad where you have 3 apples for every 4 oranges. This ratio helps you visualize the proportions of the different fruits in your salad. If someone asked you how many apples you have compared to oranges, you could simply say the ratio of apples to oranges is 3:4.

Key Concepts

  • Ratio: A comparison of two quantities expressed as a fraction.

  • Proportion: An equation indicating that two ratios are equivalent.

  • Equivalent Ratios: Different ratios that represent the same relationship.

  • Greatest Common Divisor: The largest number that divides given numbers without a remainder.

  • Unitary Method: Finding the value for one unit to solve problems efficiently.

  • Percentage: A way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100.

Examples & Applications

If 6 apples cost $3, the ratio of apples to cost is 6:3 or 2:1.

In a recipe, if 2 cups of flour and 3 cups of sugar are used, the ratio of flour to sugar is 2:3.

Memory Aids

Interactive tools to help you remember key concepts

🎡

Rhymes

When you compare two, just use a ratio, it's quite neat, simple as pie, like 3 to 1, can't be beat.

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Stories

Imagine a baker who uses 2 cups of sugar for every 3 cups of flour. When making cookies, he knows he needs to keep that balance; otherwise, they won't taste just right!

🧠

Memory Tools

Direct Proportion = Both go Up; Inverse Proportion = One goes Up, One goes Down!

🎯

Acronyms

RAP for RAtio and Proportion; R for β€˜Relation’, A for β€˜As’ and P for β€˜Proportional’.

Flash Cards

Glossary

Ratio

A relationship between two quantities, showing how many times one value contains or is contained within the other.

Proportion

An equation that states two ratios are equal.

Equivalent Ratios

Ratios that express the same relationship between quantities.

Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)

The largest number that divides two or more numbers without leaving a remainder.

Unitary Method

A method of solving problems by finding the value of a single unit.

Percentage

A fraction or ratio expressed as a part of 100.

Direct Proportion

A relationship where an increase in one quantity causes an increase in another.

Inverse Proportion

A relationship where an increase in one quantity causes a decrease in another.

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