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4. Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding

Atoms serve as the fundamental units of matter participating in chemical reactions. The chapter elucidates the internal structure of atoms, including the role of protons, neutrons, and electrons, as well as the formation of chemical bonds. It details atomic number, mass number, electron distribution in shells, and the practicality of valence electrons and valency in chemical bonding.

Sections

  • 4

    Atomic Structure And Chemical Bonding

    This section covers the fundamental concepts of atomic structure and the types of chemical bonding relevant to compounds.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.1

    Introduction

    This section introduces atoms as the fundamental units of matter and outlines how they combine to form compounds via chemical bonding.

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  • 4.2

    Structure Of An Atom

    An atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, each with distinct properties and locations.

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  • 4.3

    Atomic Number And Mass Number

    This section defines atomic number and mass number, explaining their significance in atomic structure.

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  • 4.4

    Distribution Of Electrons In Shells (Bohr's Model)

    Bohr's model describes the arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus with specific capacities.

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  • 4.5

    Valence Electrons And Valency

    This section discusses valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, and valency, defined as the combining capacity of an atom based on electrons gained, lost, or shared.

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  • 4.6

    Octet Rule

    The Octet Rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable configuration with eight electrons in their outermost shell.

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  • 4.7

    Types Of Chemical Bonding

    This section outlines the two main types of chemical bonding: ionic and covalent bonds, highlighting their formation and characteristics.

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  • 4.7.1

    Electrovalent (Ionic) Bond

    Electrovalent bonds form through the transfer of electrons, typically between metals and non-metals, resulting in positively and negatively charged ions.

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  • 4.7.2

    Covalent Bond

    Covalent bonds are formed through the sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms, allowing them to achieve stable electron configurations.

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  • 4.8

    Properties Of Ionic And Covalent Compounds

    This section outlines the distinct properties of ionic and covalent compounds, focusing on their physical states, melting/boiling points, solubility, and conductivity.

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References

ch4.pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Atoms consist of electrons,...
  • The atomic number is the nu...
  • Electrons are distributed i...

Final Test

Revision Tests

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