4. Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
Atoms serve as the fundamental units of matter participating in chemical reactions. The chapter elucidates the internal structure of atoms, including the role of protons, neutrons, and electrons, as well as the formation of chemical bonds. It details atomic number, mass number, electron distribution in shells, and the practicality of valence electrons and valency in chemical bonding.
Enroll to start learning
You've not yet enrolled in this course. Please enroll for free to listen to audio lessons, classroom podcasts and take practice test.
Sections
Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.
What we have learnt
- Atoms consist of electrons, protons, and neutrons.
- The atomic number is the number of protons and determines the element, while the mass number is the total count of protons and neutrons.
- Electrons are distributed in energy levels or shells around the nucleus, governed by rules such as the octet rule.
Key Concepts
- -- Electron
- A negatively charged particle that orbits around the nucleus of an atom.
- -- Valency
- The combining capacity of an atom, determined by the number of electrons gained, lost, or shared.
- -- Ionic Bond
- A bond formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
- -- Covalent Bond
- A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two non-metal atoms.
- -- Mass Number
- The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Additional Learning Materials
Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.