3. Water
Water exists in solid, liquid, and gas forms and is essential for life, participating in various processes. Its physical properties include being colorless, odorless, and having specific boiling and freezing points. The chapter discusses its composition, its role as a universal solvent, causes and effects of water pollution, differences between hard and soft water, methods to remove hardness, the water cycle, and its various uses.
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What we have learnt
- Water is vital for life and exists in three physical states.
- It has unique physical and chemical properties, including being a universal solvent.
- Water pollution significantly impacts aquatic life and human health.
Key Concepts
- -- Universal Solvent
- Water's ability to dissolve many substances due to its polarity and hydrogen bonding.
- -- Hard Water
- Water that contains dissolved minerals, primarily calcium and magnesium, making it difficult to lather with soap.
- -- Water Cycle
- The continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.
- -- Water Pollution
- Contamination of water bodies caused by discharge of harmful substances from various sources.
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