8. Electricity and Magnetism
Electricity is described as the flow of electric charge, while magnetism concerns the forces exerted by magnets, and these phenomena are fundamental to many technologies. Key concepts include electric current, potential difference, and the effects of current in circuits which form the basis for understanding household and industrial applications of electricity and magnetism.
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What we have learnt
- Electric current refers to the flow of electric charge through a conductor.
- Potential difference is the work done in moving a unit charge between two points in an electric field.
- Ohm's Law establishes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.
Key Concepts
- -- Electric Current
- The rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor.
- -- Potential Difference
- The work done in moving a unit charge between two points in an electric field.
- -- Ohm's Law
- States that current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it under constant temperature.
- -- Resistance
- The opposition to the flow of current in a conductor, measured in ohms (Ω).
- -- Series Circuit
- A circuit where the current is the same throughout, with total resistance being the sum of individual resistances.
- -- Parallel Circuit
- A circuit where the voltage is the same across branches, and the total resistance can be calculated using the reciprocal formula.
- -- Electromagnet
- A magnet made by passing current through a coil wound on a soft iron core, which is temporary and strong.
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