• Allocate Time Per Section: Before you even start writing, quickly skim the entire paper. Understand the total marks for each section and question. Then, decide how much time you'll spend on each, roughly proportional to its mark weightage. For instance, if a writing task is 30% of the paper's marks, dedicate approximately 30% of your time to it.
• Buffer Time: Always build in a small buffer (5-10 minutes) at the end of the exam. This time is invaluable for reviewing your answers, correcting any obvious errors, and ensuring all questions have been attempted.
• Don't Get Stuck: If you find yourself struggling with a particular question, don't dwell on it for too long. Make a quick note, move on, and return to it if you have time. Getting stuck on one difficult question can jeopardize your performance on easier ones.
• Practice with a Timer: The best way to improve time management is through consistent practice under timed conditions. Complete past papers or practice questions with a stopwatch, simulating the actual exam environment. This helps you gauge your speed and identify areas where you tend to spend too much time.

• Analyze: Break down the topic into its components and examine the relationships between them. Explore different aspects and provide detailed explanations.
• Compare: Identify similarities between two or more things.
• Contrast: Identify differences between two or more things.
• Discuss: Present both sides of an argument, weigh the evidence, and often reach a reasoned conclusion. This requires a balanced approach.
• Evaluate: Assess the worth, significance, or effectiveness of something. You need to provide a judgment based on evidence and reasoning.
• Explain: Make something clear and understandable. Provide reasons, causes, or justifications.
• Identify: Pinpoint or name specific elements, characteristics, or points.
• Illustrate: Provide examples to clarify or support your points.
• Justify: Give valid reasons or evidence to support a statement or action.
• Summarize: Give a brief account of the main points of something.
• Suggest: Propose ideas, solutions, or actions.

Always underline or circle these directive words in the question to keep your focus sharp.

• Essay Questions (e.g., Narrative, Descriptive, Argumentative):
• Introduction: Hook, background, and a clear thesis statement. Your thesis should directly address the prompt and outline your main argument or the direction of your narrative/description.
• Body Paragraphs: Each paragraph should begin with a topic sentence that supports your thesis. Follow with supporting details, examples, explanations, and evidence. Ensure smooth transitions between sentences and paragraphs to maintain flow and coherence.
• Conclusion: Restate your thesis in new words, summarize your main points, and offer a final thought or lasting impression.
• Shorter Response Questions (e.g., Comprehension, Summary):
• Direct Answer: Start by directly answering the question.
• Elaboration/Evidence: Support your answer with specific details or textual evidence from the passage.
• Explanation: Briefly explain how your evidence supports your answer, if necessary.
• Letter/Email/Notice/Report Writing: Adhere strictly to the specific formats covered in Module 2. Pay attention to:
• Layout: Correct placement of addresses, dates, subject lines, salutations, and closings.
• Tone: Appropriately formal or informal as required by the context.
• Content: Including all necessary information and adhering to the purpose of the communication.

• Not Answering the Question (NTQ): This is the most common and detrimental mistake. Carefully read and reread the question. Underline keywords. If the question asks you to 'evaluate,' do not simply 'describe.' If it asks for an 'argument,' don't just 'explain.'
• Poor Time Management: Rushing the end or spending too much time on one question. Practice with a timer.
• Lack of Structure/Organization: Disjointed paragraphs, no clear topic sentences, or illogical flow. Plan your answers (even quick bullet points) before you start writing.
• Insufficient Detail/Evidence: Making assertions without backing them up. Always provide specific examples, explanations, or textual references.
• Grammar, Spelling, Punctuation Errors: These erode clarity and cost marks. Proofread carefully. If unsure about a complex sentence, rephrase it simply.
• Repetition: Saying the same thing in different ways. Be concise.
• Informal Language in Formal Contexts: Using slang, contractions, or overly casual phrasing in essays, formal letters, or reports.
• Exceeding/Falling Short of Word Limits: Pay attention to specified word counts; they're there for a reason.