17.4. Summary

Try these first

1. 1.

   What is a gradient?

   Hint

   Think about how you describe a hill or slope.

2. 2.

   What is the purpose of minimum gradients?

   Hint

   Consider why water flows away from surfaces.

3. 3.

   What does a ruling gradient indicate?

   • The minimum acceptable gradient
   • The maximum desirable gradient
   • A standard for drainage

   Hint

   Consider which gradient helps vehicles the most.

4. 4.

   True or False: Exceptional gradients can be used without any restrictions.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Think about safety and design limits.

5. 5.

   Given a stretch of road requiring a ruling gradient of 4%, a limiting gradient of 5%, and an exceptional gradient for a steep hill of 7%, calculate the grade compensation required for a vehicle on a horizontal curve.

   Hint

   Review how grade compensation works with different gradients.

6. 6.

   Design a vertical alignment for a new highway section traversing varied terrain that includes low, moderate, and steep gradients. Identify required compensation and suggest suitable practices based on IRC standards.

   Hint

   Study the IRC specifications for different terrains when designing.