Analog Circuits | Module 7: Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps) and Their Design by Prakhar Chauhan | Learn Smarter
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Module 7: Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps) and Their Design

Operational amplifiers (Op-Amps) play a critical role in analog circuits, starting with the differential amplifier, which precisely amplifies the difference between two input signals while rejecting common-mode noise. This chapter discusses the architecture of Op-Amps, design methodologies for optimizing performance specifications, and frequency compensation techniques to ensure stability. It covers essential metrics like differential gain, common-mode gain, input common-mode range, and the importance of common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR).

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Sections

  • 7

    Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps) And Their Design

    This section introduces operational amplifiers (Op-Amps), emphasizing their design principles, starting with differential amplifiers and covering operational characteristics and methodologies.

    Learning Practice

  • 7.1

    Introduction To Differential Amplifiers

    Differential amplifiers are essential components in operational amplifiers that amplify the difference between two input signals while rejecting common signals, such as noise.

    Learning Practice

  • 7.1.1

    Basic Structure And Principle Of Operation

    The section describes the fundamental structure of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) differential amplifier, detailing its components and operational principles.

    Learning Practice

  • 7.1.2

    Differential Gain, Common Mode Gain, Common Mode Rejection Ratio (Cmrr)

    This section introduces key performance metrics for differential amplifiers, focusing on differential gain, common mode gain, and the common mode rejection ratio (CMRR).

    Learning Practice

  • 7.1.3

    Input Common Mode Range (Icmr)

    The Input Common Mode Range (ICMR) defines the range of input voltages that can be applied to an operational amplifier's inputs without causing non-linear behavior.

    Learning Practice

  • 7.2

    Building Blocks Of Op-Amps

    This section details the fundamental architecture of operational amplifiers (op-amps), specifically focusing on the three critical stages: the differential input stage, the intermediate gain stage, and the output stage.

    Learning Practice

  • 7.2.1

    Differential Input Stage

    The differential input stage is critical for operational amplifiers as it amplifies the difference between two input signals while rejecting common-mode noise.

    Learning Practice

  • 7.2.2

    Intermediate Gain Stages (Voltage Amplifier Stages)

    Intermediate Gain Stages are crucial components of operational amplifiers responsible for significantly boosting the open-loop voltage gain of the amplifier.

    Learning Practice

  • 7.3

    Op-Amp Design Principles

    This section covers the systematic design principles for operational amplifiers (op-amps), focusing on their critical input differential amplifier, intermediate gain stages, and final output stage, along with performance specifications such as gain and common-mode rejection.

    Learning Practice

  • 7.3.1

    Design Of Differential Amplifier For A Given Specification (E.g., Cmrr, Gain)

    This section covers the design principles for a differential amplifier, emphasizing critical specifications such as differential gain, common mode rejection ratio (CMRR), and input common mode range (ICMR).

    Learning Practice

  • 7.3.2

    Design Of Gain Stages (Intermediate Amplification)

    This section focuses on the design principles of intermediate gain stages in operational amplifiers, emphasizing the need for high voltage gain and proper biasing techniques.

    Learning Practice

  • 7.3.3

    Design Of Output Stages (Class A, Ab For Driving Load)

    This section discusses the design considerations for output stages in op-amps, particularly focusing on Class A and Class AB configurations for optimal performance.

    Learning Practice

  • 7.4

    Frequency Compensation

    Frequency compensation in operational amplifiers is essential to maintain stability when negative feedback is applied.

    Learning Practice

  • 7.4.1

    Need For Compensation

    This section explains the necessity of frequency compensation in operational amplifiers to maintain stability during negative feedback applications.

    Learning Practice

  • 7.4.2

    Common Compensation Techniques (E.g., Dominant Pole Compensation)

    This section covers dominant pole compensation, a key technique used in operational amplifiers to ensure stability in closed-loop configurations.

    Learning Practice

References

Untitled document (15).pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Operational amplifiers util...
  • Key performance metrics of ...
  • Frequency compensation tech...

Final Test

Revision Tests