Monks
In medieval society, monks played a significant role, forming isolated communities known as monasteries or abbeys. These communities emerged as havens for devout Christians who wished to live a life of prayer, study, and manual work, in stark contrast to the priesthood that existed within towns and villages. Notable establishments were founded by figures such as St. Benedict and Cluny, focusing on rules of discipline and community living.
Monks committed to lifelong vows, which included celibacy and the rejection of personal ownership. Both men and women could become monks or nuns, though most monasteries were separated by gender. Communities ranged from small groups of ten to several hundred members, with monasteries often featuring large buildings, schools, and hospitals.
Monasteries contributed significantly to the development of the arts, as exemplified by Abbess Hildegard of Bingen, known for her musical talents. Additionally, the fabric of monastic life was outlined in a manuscript containing rules that guided daily conduct and responsibilities. However, by the fourteenth century, critiques of monasticism grew stronger, with contrasting portrayals in literature depicting the disparity between the affluent lives of some monks and the hardships faced by common laborers.
Ultimately, while monasticism began as a means of deepening personal faith, many began to question its values and purpose, marking a profound shift in public perception during the later medieval period.