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8.3.5 - Immunisation

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Understanding Immunisation

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0:00
Teacher
Teacher

Welcome class! Today we will be discussing immunisation and its importance in child health. Can anyone tell me what immunisation is?

Student 1
Student 1

Isn’t it the process where we give vaccines to prevent diseases?

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! Immunisation involves administering vaccines which contain inactive forms of bacteria or viruses. This helps our immune system recognize and fight off these germs without causing the actual disease. Can anyone think of why this is important for children?

Student 2
Student 2

Because children are more vulnerable to infections?

Teacher
Teacher

Yes, very good! Keeping our kids healthy through immunisation helps prevent serious diseases. Remember, vaccines stimulate the body to produce antibodies. Can someone tell me what antibodies do?

Teacher
Teacher

Correct! They are like a defense army against germs.

The National Immunisation Schedule

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0:00
Teacher
Teacher

Let's dive into the National Immunisation Schedule recommended by the ICMR. Can anyone list the vaccines given at birth?

Student 4
Student 4

BCG, OPV, and Hepatitis B?

Teacher
Teacher

Excellent! The BCG vaccine protects against tuberculosis, and the others protect against polio and hepatitis B. What about vaccines given at 6 weeks?

Student 1
Student 1

That's when they get the OPV and Penta vaccines.

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! The Penta vaccine covers five diseases. Isn’t it great how these vaccines are lined up to help protect children?

Student 2
Student 2

Yes! It must be reassuring for parents.

Health and Nutrition Problems

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0:00
Teacher
Teacher

Now, let's discuss how nutrition impacts a child's health. Why do you think malnutrition is a problem for young children?

Student 3
Student 3

Because it can make them sick more easily?

Teacher
Teacher

Absolutely! Malnutrition makes children more susceptible to infections, which can be deadly. Can someone list a few common health issues that can arise from malnutrition?

Student 4
Student 4

Protein Energy Malnutrition, anemia, and maybe vitamin deficiencies?

Teacher
Teacher

Great job! These deficiencies highlight why an immunisation schedule is important. We need to keep children healthy so they can grow and thrive.

Impact of Immunisation

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0:00
Teacher
Teacher

Can anyone summarize why immunisation is essential for children?

Student 1
Student 1

It protects them from diseases and helps produce antibodies!

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! And these vaccines as per the schedule ensure lifelong immunity against severe communicable diseases. How does this knowledge affect your view about healthcare?

Student 2
Student 2

I think we should share this information with our families to keep them informed.

Teacher
Teacher

That’s a wonderful idea! Sharing knowledge about immunisation can help protect our communities.

Introduction & Overview

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Quick Overview

Immunisation plays a crucial role in protecting children from serious diseases by using vaccines to stimulate the immune system.

Standard

This section discusses the importance of immunisation in children's health, explaining how vaccines work, detailing the National Immunisation Schedule recommended by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), and briefly addressing common health issues related to malnutrition and infections in children.

Detailed

Immunisation

Immunisation is a critical aspect of child health that protects against various diseases. It involves administering vaccines, which contain inactive forms of pathogens, to stimulate the immune system without causing illness. This process induces the production of antibodies in the child's body, which can effectively neutralise harmful infections.

Importance of Immunisation

Immunisation is not solely about nutrition. It is essential for establishing a robust defense mechanism in children against numerous communicable diseases. Various vaccines are scheduled throughout the early years to ensure continued protection.

National Immunisation Schedule (ICMR)

The recommended immunisation schedule provided by the Indian Council of Medical Research includes:
- At birth: BCG (for Tuberculosis), OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine), and Hepatitis B.
- 6 weeks: OPV and Penta (DPT, Hepatitis B, HiB).
- 10 weeks: OPV and Penta again.
- 14 weeks: OPV and Penta once more.
- 9 months: MR (Measles, Rubella).

The vaccines encompassed by this schedule ensure that children build immunity against life-threatening diseases.

Health and Nutrition Problems in Infants and Young Children

It's important to note that malnutrition can detrimentally affect a child's health. Malnourished children are more susceptible to infections that can complicate their conditions, leading to a higher mortality rate. Common health issues stemming from improper nutrition include Protein Energy Malnutrition, anemia, and vitamin deficiencies such as rickets and nutritional blindness, underscoring the need for consistent immunisation and nutrition education.

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Audio Book

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The Role of Immunisation

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Good health and well-being are not entirely dependent on good nutrition. We all are aware of the role of immunisation in protecting children from various diseases.

Detailed Explanation

Immunisation is a vital aspect of maintaining children's health as it goes beyond just nutrition. While proper nutrition helps in developing strong bodies and minds, immunisation protects children from serious infectious diseases that can harm their health or even lead to death. It prepares the child's immune system by using vaccines to build defenses against certain diseases.

Examples & Analogies

Think of immunisation like a protective shield that a warrior carries into battle. Just as the shield keeps the warrior safe from arrows and swords, vaccines help keep children safe from diseases by teaching their bodies how to fight off illness.

How Vaccines Work

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You may be interested in knowing how immunisation protects children from diseases. A vaccine that contains an inactive form of a bacterium/virus/toxin made by the germ is injected in the child. Being inactive it does not cause infections but induces white blood cells to produce antibodies. These antibodies then kill the germs when they attack the child’s system.

Detailed Explanation

Vaccines contain either weakened or inactive forms of viruses or bacteria that cause diseases. When these vaccines are injected into a child, the immune system recognizes them as threats and produces antibodies. These antibodies remain in the body and remember how to fight off those specific germs in the future. So, if the child is exposed to the actual disease later, their body can quickly respond and prevent illness.

Examples & Analogies

Imagine your immune system as a team of firefighters. When you get vaccinated, it's like giving them training drills about what to do when a fire breaks out. They learn how to quickly respond when they encounter the real thing, making them much more efficient at keeping everyone safe.

National Immunisation Schedule

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Table 3: National Immunisation Schedule (Recommended by ICMR)

Age of the child Vaccine
* Birth BCG, OPV, HEP B
* 6 weeks OPV, PENTA (DPT, HEP B, HiB)
* 10 weeks OPV, PENTA (DPT, HEP B, HiB)
* 14 weeks OPV, PENTA (DPT, HEP B, HiB)
* 9 months MR (Measles, Rubella)

Detailed Explanation

The National Immunisation Schedule highlights the timing and types of vaccines recommended for children at various ages. Starting from birth, children receive several vaccinations to protect them from serious diseases like tuberculosis, polio, and hepatitis B. These vaccines are administered in a sequence that builds upon their protection as they grow older.

Examples & Analogies

Think of this schedule as a roadmap for a journey. Just like a map shows you the best routes to take and when to make turns, the immunisation schedule guides parents on when to get vaccines to ensure their children are protected as they grow.

Impact of Malnutrition and Disease

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We have learnt that malnutrition is a national problem. It is a consequence of several factors such as illiteracy, poverty, ignorance about nutritional needs of children, and poor access to health care, especially in rural and tribal areas.

Detailed Explanation

Malnutrition and infections often go hand-in-hand, compounding health risks for children. Factors like poverty and lack of education lead to poor dietary choices and inadequate health care, making children more susceptible to diseases. When children are malnourished, they are less able to fight infections, which can lead to serious health issues.

Examples & Analogies

Consider a plant that is not getting enough water and sunlight. Just like the plant weakens and becomes susceptible to pests, children who are malnourished are more likely to fall ill due to their weakened immune systems.

Preventing Deficiency Diseases

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Immunisation given at different stages of the first year of life gives life-long immunity to children against communicable diseases.

Detailed Explanation

Vaccinations provide long-lasting immunity, protecting children against major infectious diseases. For example, vaccines for polio and measles not only prevent immediate illness but can also prevent the potential complications associated with these diseases throughout their lives. This is crucial, especially in areas where access to health care might be limited.

Examples & Analogies

Think of vaccines as installing security systems on your home. Once installed, the security system continuously protects your home from break-ins, giving you peace of mind long into the future.

Definitions & Key Concepts

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Key Concepts

  • Vaccination: Essential for childhood disease prevention.

  • Antibody Production: Vaccines stimulate the body to create antibodies.

  • Immunisation Schedule: A timeline for administering vaccines to children.

  • Malnutrition: A condition that can complicate child health and impact the effectiveness of immunisation.

Examples & Real-Life Applications

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Examples

  • A child receiving a BCG vaccine at birth to protect against tuberculosis.

  • A 6-week-old baby getting their first doses of OPV and Penta vaccines to build immunity.

Memory Aids

Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.

🎵 Rhymes Time

  • Vaccines keep you safe and sound, keep those germs from being around.

📖 Fascinating Stories

  • Imagine a tiny knight (antibody) in your body fighting away the bad germs that could make you and your friends sick because you had your vaccines.

🧠 Other Memory Gems

  • Remember 'BOP' for vaccinations: BCG, OPV, Penta.

🎯 Super Acronyms

IMPACT

  • Immunisation Makes Parents Assure Child's Health Today.

Flash Cards

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Glossary of Terms

Review the Definitions for terms.

  • Term: Immunisation

    Definition:

    The process of administering vaccines to stimulate the body's immune response against diseases.

  • Term: Vaccine

    Definition:

    A substance containing inactive forms of pathogens designed to stimulate an immune response.

  • Term: Antibodies

    Definition:

    Proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize pathogens.

  • Term: National Immunisation Schedule

    Definition:

    A structured timeline for vaccination recommended to ensure children's health.

  • Term: Malnutrition

    Definition:

    A health condition resulting from inadequate or unbalanced nutrition.