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Today we're discussing the meaning of development in human life. Can anyone tell me what you think development means?
I think it's about getting older and changing.
That's correct! Development includes changes that go beyond just aging. It's a pattern of progressive changes that involves physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional dimensions throughout all stages of life. Remember the acronym 'PCE' β Physical, Cognitive, and Emotional!
What kinds of changes can we see?
Great question! Changes can be physical, like growing taller; cognitive, like learning to read; and emotional, like forming friendships. These dimensions are interconnected.
So, does development stop at a certain age?
No! Development is lifelong; it continues until death. Can anyone think of a significant change they went through recently?
I just learned how to drive, which was a big change for me!
Excellent! Thatβs a cognitive and emotional change, impacting your independence. Remember, development never really stops!
To recap today, development is a lifelong process involving physical, cognitive, and emotional changes. It is essential to understand these elements as they shape our lives.
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Letβs dive into the Life-Span Perspective on development. What do you think it entails?
Maybe it means that development happens at all ages?
Exactly! Development spans from conception to old age. It is multi-directional, meaning we can see increases in some areas and decreases in others. Can anyone give me an example?
Like how adults might become wiser but might also not be as fast physically?
Perfect example! This is called 'multi-directionality'. Also, developmental changes are plastic, meaning they can be modified by experiences. Configuration of Ps - Lifelong, Multi-directional, and Plastic!
What influences our development?
Two major factors: heredity and environment. Think of heredity as what you get from your parents and environment as experiences and contexts. Can you think of instances where they might interact?
If a tall parent's child is raised in a malnourished environment, the child might not reach their expected height.
Nicely put! That interaction defines how our unique traits develop. To summarize, consider that development is lifelong, multi-directional, and significantly influenced by heredity and environment.
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Now, letβs look at the stages of development. Why do you think we categorize development into stages?
So we can understand the typical changes people go through at different ages?
Exactly! Let's consider the stages: Prenatal, Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence, Adulthood, and Old Age. Which stage interests you the most?
Iβm curious about adolescence. It's such a change!
Adolescence is indeed fascinating, marked by identity exploration and major physical changes. It's also important to understand the challenges faced during this stage. Can anyone name a challenge?
Maybe peer pressure?
Yes! Peer pressure is a significant factor. Each development stage involves tasks that enhance social relations, like how children learn to play with others in childhood and how adolescents negotiate independence.
And what about adulthood?
In adulthood, responsibilities grow with work and family roles. Finally, we reflect on how experiences in old age shape our perspective on life. Summarizing, each stage is unique and meaningful for human development.
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Next, letβs investigate what factors influence human development.
Are they genetic or environmental?
Yes, they encompass both heredityβour genesβand the environment, including family, culture, and experiences. Can you think how they might interact?
Maybe someone with 'smart' genes might not do well if growing up in a poor school?
Absolutely! Heredity sets potential limits; the environment influences whether those can be reached. Letβs remember EP - Environment and Potential!
And what role do parents play?
Parents provide both genetic material and the environment for their children. Their own traits often shape the kind of environment they create. Reflection - Think of how your family influences your interests or behaviors.
Like if my parents love reading, I might like it too?
Exactly! In conclusion, heredity and environment work together, driving our developmental path.
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To wrap up todayβs discussion, letβs reflect on our own development. How many of you have thought about your development so far?
I never really considered how I changed over the years.
Self-reflection is valuable! You can identify key experiences that shaped you. Can anyone share a moment that influenced your growth?
When I moved to a different city, it was tough at first. But I learned to make new friends.
Exactly! Life transitions like moving can challenge us but also promote growth. Remember to practice self-awareness and understanding as you continue to develop.
Iβll try and think more about my experiences.
Great! To sum up, development is a unique journey, as you each navigate through life with different experiences. Reflection helps us support our own and others' developmental needs.
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The section elaborates on human development, focusing on the definitions and processes involved. It details the various stages of developmentβprenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old ageβincluding their respective characteristics. Additionally, it emphasizes the impact of heredity, environment, and social context on human growth and development.
Human development encompasses the progressive changes that occur in individuals from conception through the lifespan. It involves physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional growth influenced by heredity, environment, and socio-cultural contexts.
Development is defined as a lifelong and integrated process involving physical growth, cognitive functions like thinking and language comprehension, and emotional and social relationships. It is a progressive pattern of change that continues from prenatal stages through aging.
This perspective suggests that development is:
- Lifelong: Varies across all age groups.
- Multi-directional: Some dimensions may increase while others decrease.
- Plastic: Modifiability in psychological development.
- Influenced by historical conditions, with variations across cultures and social contexts.
Factors influencing development include genetic inheritance (heredity) and environmental factors, which interact to shape individual personalities and abilities.
The chapter outlines specific stages:
- Prenatal: Development affected by maternal health and environmental factors.
- Infancy: Rapid brain development and formation of attachment bonds.
- Childhood: Expansion of social circles and cognitive abilities.
- Adolescence: Time of identity formation and increased independence.
- Adulthood: Responsibilities associated with work and family.
- Old Age: Reflects on life experiences and potential declines in health.
This section promotes self-reflection about oneβs development and understanding of others' behaviors, ultimately guiding personal and social growth.
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If you look around, you will notice that from birth onwards changes of various kinds are taking place in an individualβs life, which continue even during old age. Over a span of time, a human grows and develops, learns to communicate, walk, count, and read and write...
Human development refers to the continuous changes a person undergoes from birth to old age. It highlights that we grow physically, emotionally, and cognitively over our entire lives. This means learning new skills and behaviors, from walking and talking as infants to forming complex social relationships as adults. The development journey is unique for every person, yet there are common milestones that many people share, like learning to walk around the same age.
Think of growing up like a tree. Just as a young seedling sprouts, grows branches, and eventually attains the height of a mature tree with leaves, humans also grow and develop in stages, with each stage bringing new abilities and changes.
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When we think of development, invariably we think of physical changes, as these are commonly observed at home with younger siblings, with parents and grandparents...
Development encompasses more than just physical growth. It includes cognitive changes (like thinking and reasoning) and socio-emotional changes (how we interact and form relationships). Each type of development occurs alongside one another and helps shape an individual as a whole. For instance, a child's ability to solve a puzzle (cognitive) might depend on their fine motor skill development (physical), as well as their ability to cooperate with others (socio-emotional).
Imagine building a house. The physical structure of a house is like physical development, the interior design reflects cognitive development, and the relationships among family members living in that house symbolize socio-emotional development. All these elements must work together for a house to feel like a home.
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The study of development according to the Life-Span Perspective (LSP) includes the following assumptions: (1) Development is lifelong...
The Life-Span Perspective emphasizes that development continues throughout life, from birth to old age, affecting all individuals regardless of age. It also suggests that changes can happen in both directionsβgrowth and declineβsuch as increased wisdom in making decisions (growth) and decreased physical speed (decline). Furthermore, it highlights that different dimensions of development (biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional) are interconnected.
Think of development as a river flowing through different terrains. Sometimes it slows down (decline, like aging), sometimes it speeds up (growth, like learning a new skill), but it always continues its pathβsimilar to how human development progresses through various life stages.
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Have you observed in your class that some of you have dark skin, others have light coloured skins, colour of your hair and eyes are different...
Human development is influenced by both genetics (heredity) and the environment. Heredity refers to the traits we inherit from our parents, while the environment includes all external factors that affect our growth, such as family, culture, education, and experiences. For example, a child can be genetically predisposed to be tall, but their nutrition will ultimately influence their final height. This interaction creates unique individuals, each with different capabilities and traits.
Consider a garden. The seeds (heredity) determine what type of plant will grow, but the soil quality, sunlight, and water (environment) will determine how well that plant flourishes. Like plants, people grow within the framework of their chaotic yet nurturing world.
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Development does not take place in a vacuum. It is always embedded in a particular socio-cultural context...
Urie Bronfenbrennerβs ecological model emphasizes that development occurs within multiple contextsβlike family, school, community, and broader societal influences. These contexts interact and shape how a person develops over time. For example, a supportive family may foster an environment where a child feels secure to explore new things, while a tumultuous environment may hinder growth.
Think of a person living in a vibrant city compared to someone from a quiet rural area. The cities have diverse opportunities (cultural, educational) that might influence personal growth differently compared to the calm, steady pace of rural life.
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Development is commonly described in terms of periods or stages...
Development is often categorized into stages: prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Each stage is characterized by significant changes and milestones, like learning to walk in infancy or achieving independence in adolescence. Understanding these stages helps recognize what is typical at each age and what to expect as one grows.
Consider development like a book divided into chapters. Each chapter represents a different stage of life, describing unique events and experiences. As you read further (or grow older), you encounter new themes and challenges, making the journey exciting and profound.
Learn essential terms and foundational ideas that form the basis of the topic.
Key Concepts
Development: A lifelong process of change in physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional facets.
Heredity vs. Environment: The complex interplay between genetic factors and experiential influences.
Stages of Development: A framework to understand distinct phases in human life characterized by unique challenges and growth.
See how the concepts apply in real-world scenarios to understand their practical implications.
A child learning to walk is an example of physical development.
Adolescence marked by identity exploration highlights cognitive and socio-emotional development.
Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.
Life unfolds like a story, with changes that tell our gloryβphysical, mental, emotional too, development is the journey we all go through.
Remember the stages as P-I-C-A-O-O: Prenatal, Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence, Adulthood, Old Age.
Once in a land of ages, people grew from baby phases to seniors with wisdomβs badges, every stage a beautiful page in lifeβs big book.
Review key concepts with flashcards.
Review the Definitions for terms.
Term: Development
Definition:
A pattern of gradual, orderly changes that occur in an individual throughout their lifespan.
Term: Heredity
Definition:
Genetic transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
Term: Environment
Definition:
The external conditions and influences affecting an individualβs development.
Term: Lifespan perspective
Definition:
A view that development is a lifelong process involving different stages and changes.
Term: Stages of Development
Definition:
Distinct periods characterized by specific physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional changes.
Term: Cognitive Development
Definition:
The evolution of mental processes such as thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving.
Term: Socioemotional Development
Definition:
The changes in an individualβs interactions, emotions, and personality throughout life.