Learn
Games
4. Primary Activities

Economic activities are classified into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary sectors, with a focus on primary activities like hunting and gathering, pastoralism, agriculture, and mining. Various agricultural systems are detailed, including subsistence and commercial farming, highlighting their characteristics and geographic relevance.

Sections

  • 4

    Primary Activities

    Primary activities encompass economic pursuits directly involving natural resources, such as agriculture, fishing, and forestry.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.1

    Hunting And Gathering

    This section explores hunting and gathering as ancient economic activities that relied on natural resources for sustenance.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.2

    Pastoralism

    Pastoralism involves the herding of animals for subsistence or commercial purposes, defined by nomadic patterns and specific regional practices.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.2.1

    Nomadic Herding

    Nomadic herding, a form of pastoralism, involves mobile livestock herders who depend on animal products for their livelihood, influenced by environmental factors and traditional practices.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.2.2

    Commercial Livestock Rearing

    This section discusses the organization and practices of commercial livestock rearing, contrasting it with nomadic herding.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3

    Agriculture

    Agriculture encompasses primary economic activities that utilize natural resources such as land and water for farming, with a focus on subsistence and commercial practices.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.1

    Subsistence Agriculture

    This section discusses subsistence agriculture, its types, and how it relies on local consumption.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.2

    Primitive Subsistence Agriculture

    Primitive subsistence agriculture is a form of farming where people rely on traditional methods and grow crops primarily for their own consumption.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.3

    Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

    Intensive subsistence agriculture involves farming practices designed to yield maximum output from limited land.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.4

    Plantation Agriculture

    This section discusses plantation agriculture, outlining its characteristics, development by European colonists, and its economic significance.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.5

    Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation

    This section explores extensive commercial grain cultivation, highlighting its characteristics, geographical areas, and the significance of various agricultural practices.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.6

    Mixed Farming

    Mixed farming combines crop cultivation and livestock rearing to enhance agricultural efficiency and maximize income.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.7

    Dairy Farming

    The section discusses the various economic activities related to dairy farming, its characteristics, and its significance in global agriculture.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.8

    Mediterranean Agriculture

    Mediterranean agriculture is a highly specialized form of commercial farming prevalent in regions bordering the Mediterranean Sea, focusing on high-value crops and characterized by specific climatic and geographical conditions.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.9

    Market Gardening And Horticulture

    Market gardening involves growing high-value crops like vegetables and fruits near urban areas for local markets, while horticulture focuses on the cultivation of plants for food, comfort, and beauty.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.10

    Co-Operative Farming

    Co-operative farming involves farmers pooling resources to improve efficiency and profitability while maintaining individual farm ownership.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.11

    Collective Farming

    Collective farming emphasizes social ownership and collaborative labor to enhance agricultural efficiency and production.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.4

    Mining

    Mining is a critical economic activity involving the extraction of minerals, shaped by various physical and economic factors.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.4.1

    Factors Affecting Mining Activity

    This section discusses the physical and economic factors influencing mining activities.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.4.2

    Methods Of Mining

    This section discusses different mining methods, highlighting the differences between surface and underground mining techniques.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.5

    Exercises

    This section covers economic activities, focusing on primary activities like hunting, gathering, pastoralism, and agriculture.

    Learning Practice

References

NCERT Study Material

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Economic activities are cat...
  • Primary activities include ...
  • Different agricultural syst...

Final Test

Revision Tests

Chapter FAQs