In the early 1830s, significant developments in Indian epigraphy were made when James Prinsep, an officer in the East India Company's mint, successfully deciphered the Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts, leading to a better understanding of early Indian history. His findings primarily focused on inscriptions referring to a king by the name of Piyadassi, which translates to 'pleasant to behold,' and linked closely to Asoka, a renowned ruler known for his association with Buddhism. As inscriptions became primary sources, scholars began reconstructing the political history of early Indian states, especially regarding their economic and social transformations. The section also reflects on the complexity of these inscriptions, emphasizing that they do not fully narrate the complete historical story. This insight laid the groundwork for further inquiry into the dynamics of governance and the relationships between political changes and societal developments, which resonate throughout this chapter.