Discovering Stupas\n\nThis section focuses on the architectural and historical significance of stupas, particularly emphasizing the famed stupa at Sanchi. Stupas originated as mounds and were developed further as symbols of Buddhist veneration containing relics of the Buddha. \n\n## Historical Context and Development\nThe tradition of stupas may date back to pre-Buddhist times but became firmly embedded in Buddhist culture, with the Buddha himself advocating for the honoring of relics after his death. Major figures like Emperor Ashoka are credited for distributing relics and ordering the construction of stupas across important towns. By the second century BCE, many stupas, including those at Bharhut and Sanchi, had been constructed. \n\n## Architectural Features\nStupas initially had a simple mound shape and gradually developed into complex structures featuring elements such as the anda (the dome), harmika (the balcony), and various gateways richly carved, representing the four cardinal directions. Worship practices included circumambulating the stupa in a processional manner, which was symbolically significant, imitating the sun\u2019s path.\n\n## Preservation Efforts\nThe stupa at Sanchi survived largely due to efforts by political figures like the Begums of Bhopal, who recognized its archaeological value and funded its preservation. In contrast, the stupa at Amaravati faced extensive looting during the 19th century, leading to its neglect. The contrast highlights the different historical fates of these important Buddhist monuments.\n\nThis exploration of stupas not only offers insight into their architectural significance but also reflects the broader socio-historical contexts within which they were constructed and preserved.