Let's begin our discussion by understanding what a stupa is. Initially, it started as a simple mound of earth, known as the anda, meant to house relics of the Buddha.

Great question! The mound symbolizes the burial mound and is designed as a sacred space to house relics. This practice likely stemmed from earlier traditions of honoring deceased leaders.

Typically, it includes bodily remains or possessions of the Buddha, which signifies their importance in uniting the practitioners with the texts and teachings.

So, to remember these concepts, we can use the acronym 'RELIC' -- Relics in a mound, Enclosed sacred space, Living representation of the Buddha, Identified in rituals, and Cultural symbol of Buddhism.

Good observation! As time passed, stupas evolved, leading to more complex structures with artistic carvings and gateways.

Now let's delve into the specific architectural features of the stupa. What do you think are its main components?

There are indeed more features! Above the anda, we have the harmika, which signifies the abode of the gods, while the yashti represents the connection between the stupa and the divine.

Excellent question! The gateways, or *toranas*, were positioned at the cardinal points and were richly carved to enhance the spiritual experience, allowing worshippers to walk around in a clockwise direction, symbolizing the sun’s apparent movement in the sky.

A good way to remember these parts is the mnemonic – 'HAIR' – Harmika, Andha, Yashti, and Railing.

As we explore further, it’s intriguing to see how stupas at places like Sanchi changed. Can someone explain how they became more decorative?

Yes! In the later versions, not only were carvings added, but the stupa became a canvas for narratives, showcasing tales from the Jatakas, reflecting the richness of Buddhist beliefs and teachings.

Exactly! Each carving narrates an episode from the life of the Buddha or Buddhist values, serving as both decoration and education for the visitors.

To keep this in mind, let’s use the acronym 'NEST' — Narratives Engraved in Stone Tell stories.

Now let's discuss the role of stupas in rituals and daily practice. How do you think people interacted with stupas?

Not just that. Worshippers would engage in various activities, including circumambulating the stupa, offering flowers, and even making a vow or prayer before it.

Absolutely! The stupa acts as a focal point for communal activities and personal religious devotion, enhancing the sense of spirituality.

To remember this, think of 'WAVE' – Walk, Acknowledge, Validate, Engage.