5.1. Overview

In reading about world politics, we frequently encounter the terms ‘security’ or ‘national security’. Do we know what these terms mean?

This chunk introduces the concept of security in the context of world politics. It asks students to reflect on what security or national security really means. In many discussions, these terms are often used without clear definitions, leading to confusion or a lack of debate. Asking this question invites us to explore the deeper significance and implications of security.

Think of a security alarm system in a house. It represents safety and protection, but if someone asks what security means without understanding the context (like why you need it or what threats exist), it can lead to misunderstandings about its importance.

Often, they are used to stop debate and discussion. We hear that an issue is a security issue and that it is vital for the well-being of the country.

This chunk discusses how labeling something as a 'security issue' can shut down conversations about it. When an issue is framed this way, it signals that it's too important or sensitive to debate openly. This can prevent citizens from engaging with significant political discussions and understanding issues affecting their lives.

Imagine a company claiming that certain financial practices are 'confidential' for security reasons. This can stop employees and stakeholders from questioning potentially unethical practices. It’s a way to avoid scrutiny.

In a democracy, surely this cannot be the case. As citizens of a democracy, we need to know more about the term security.

Here, the text emphasizes that citizens in a democracy should have access to understand what security means. It suggests that being informed is crucial for a healthy democracy, as informed citizens can participate actively in political processes. Knowledge about security issues allows citizens to hold their governments accountable.

Consider a community deciding on safety measures for schools. Parents need to understand 'security' in this context to effectively advocate for their children's safety—whether it’s related to bullying, emergency plans, or physical security.

This chapter debates these questions. It introduces two different ways of looking at security and highlights the importance of keeping in mind different contexts or situations which determine our view of security.

This chunk sets the stage for discussing two perspectives on security: traditional (state-focused) and non-traditional (human-focused). The emphasis on 'contexts' means that what poses a threat can vary significantly based on circumstances. Understanding both perspectives allows for a broader comprehension of what security entails.

Think of a community during a crisis, like a natural disaster. For some, security might mean physical safety from floods; for others, it could be food security or emotional safety due to trauma. Different contexts require different approaches.

The concern about human security was reflected in the 1994 UNDP’s Human Development Report, which contends, 'the concept of security has for too long been interpreted narrowly...'

This piece points out that the traditional view of security, which often emphasizes military or state-focused threats, overlooks the everyday security needs of ordinary people. The Human Development Report argues for a more inclusive understanding of what security means, suggesting it should encompass poverty, health, and basic human needs.

Consider a neighborhood plagued by violence. While police presence (military security) might improve safety, what the residents might need more urgently are community services, healthcare, and economic opportunities. Focusing only on military might is too narrow.

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