In the wake of India's independence, rural society saw several key transformations primarily influenced by the Green Revolution and agrarian reforms. The nature of agricultural labor changed significantly, moving towards cash payments instead of grain, and traditional relationships between landowners and laborers began to dissipate. These shifts led to the emergence of a class of 'free' wage laborers and marked a transition from a patronage-based system to one driven by economic exploitation. The intensified commercial nature of agriculture resulted in deeper integration into the wider economy, allowing for more opportunities yet also increasing disparities between different classes. In prosperous regions, well-off farmers began diversifying their investments, giving rise to new entrepreneurial classes, while areas with ineffective reforms saw little progress in social conditions. The section emphasizes the varied impacts across different states and regions, demonstrating a complex interplay of historical, economic, and social factors shaping rural India.