Why the Demand for Indian Indigo?
During the late 18th century, Indian indigo emerged as the primary source of blue dye for textile manufacturers in Europe, notably England. This shift stemmed from both the rise in industrial production and a decrease in the viability of alternative dye sources, notably woad from temperate regions.
Historically, Indian indigo had been prized since the 13th century in European markets, but its premium price limited accessibility. However, as woad producers faced pressure to restrict indigo imports, cloth dyers recognized the vibrant quality of indigo over the dull hues of woad.
As Britain began to industrialize, the demand for indigo intensified, coinciding with the decline of supplies from existing suppliers in the West Indies and North America due to various agricultural challenges. By the early 19th century, the British turned to India where indigo production exploded, constituting 95% of British indigo imports by 1810. The East India Company facilitated this transition, leading to increased investments in indigo plantations across Bengal. Ultimately, the indigo trade was a critical component of Britain's textile industry during this period.