4. Working of Institutions
The chapter discusses the functioning of key institutions in a democracy, highlighting the roles of the legislature, executive, and judiciary in decision-making processes. It illustrates how a significant policy decision, such as the reservation for socially and educationally backward classes, is made and implemented, underscoring the interplay between these institutions. Finally, it examines the importance of these institutions for ensuring democratic governance and resolving disputes.
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What we have learnt
- Institutions in a democracy follow rules and procedures for decision-making.
- Major decisions are influenced and implemented through a complex interplay of the legislature, executive, and judiciary.
- An independent judiciary is essential for maintaining democratic principles and protecting citizens' rights.
Key Concepts
- -- Legislature
- An assembly of elected representatives with the power to enact laws for a country.
- -- Executive
- A body of persons having authority to initiate majors policies, make decisions, and implement them based on the Constitution and laws of the country.
- -- Judiciary
- An institution empowered to administer justice and provide a mechanism for resolving legal disputes.
- -- Office Memorandum
- A communication issued by an appropriate authority stating the policy or decision of the government.
- -- Reservations
- A policy that reserves specific employment and educational opportunities for disadvantaged and backward communities.
Additional Learning Materials
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