CBSE 9 Civics | 4. Working of Institutions by Akhil | Learn Smarter
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4. Working of Institutions

The chapter discusses the functioning of key institutions in a democracy, highlighting the roles of the legislature, executive, and judiciary in decision-making processes. It illustrates how a significant policy decision, such as the reservation for socially and educationally backward classes, is made and implemented, underscoring the interplay between these institutions. Finally, it examines the importance of these institutions for ensuring democratic governance and resolving disputes.

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Sections

  • 4

    Working Of Institutions

    This section explores how institutions in a democracy function, focusing on the roles of the legislature, executive, and judiciary in decision-making and governance.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.1

    How Is A Major Policy Decision Taken ?

    This section explores the process behind making significant policy decisions in a democracy, particularly focusing on the Government of India and its institutions.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.2

    Parliament

    This section discusses the essential role of Parliament in the decision-making process in a democracy, highlighting its powers and how it influences government actions.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3

    Political Executive

    This section defines the political executive within the context of a democratic government, highlighting the roles of the elected officials and the civil services.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.1

    Political And Permanent Executive

    This section explores the distinctions between the political executive, which is elected for a specific period, and the permanent executive, which comprises appointed civil servants who support the political executive.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.2

    Prime Minister And Council Of Ministers

    This section discusses the roles and responsibilities of the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers in India's parliamentary democracy.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.3

    Powers Of The Prime Minister

    The section outlines the key powers and responsibilities of the Prime Minister in India, emphasizing their role as the head of the government and the importance of the Cabinet system.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.4

    The President

    The section discusses the role and powers of the President of India, emphasizing their nominal position within a parliamentary democracy.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.4

    The Judiciary

    The section outlines the functions, independence, and significance of the judiciary in a democracy, particularly focusing on its role in upholding the Constitution and resolving disputes.

    Learning Practice

References

NCERT Study Material

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Institutions in a democracy...
  • Major decisions are influen...
  • An independent judiciary is...

Final Test

Revision Tests

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