NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE

5 NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE

Description

Quick Overview

India is a biodiversity hotspot with a rich variety of natural vegetation and wildlife, categorized into different types of forests.

Standard

As one of the world's megadiverse countries, India supports an extensive range of flora and fauna. This section explores various types of vegetation, including tropical evergreen forests, deciduous forests, thorn forests, montane forests, and mangrove forests, along with an overview of India's diverse wildlife.

Detailed

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

India is recognized as one of the 12 mega-biodiversity countries globally, with a remarkable variety of plants and animals. The section discusses the concept of natural vegetation, which refers to plant communities that grow without human interference. The major types of vegetation in India include:

  1. Tropical Evergreen Forests: Found in areas with high rainfall, these forests are characterized by dense, green vegetation year-round, with trees like ebony and mahogany.
  2. Tropical Deciduous Forests: The most widespread forests, they shed their leaves in dry months and are divided into moist and dry categories based on rainfall.
  3. Thorn Forests: Found in arid regions with low rainfall, distinguished by thorny trees and shrubs.
  4. Montane Forests: Vegetation that changes with altitude, featuring a succession from tropical to alpine vegetation.
  5. Mangrove Forests: Located in coastal tidal areas, these forests are home to unique flora and fauna, influencing marine ecosystems.

India's diverse wildlife includes approximately 90,000 species, with notable examples such as the Indian elephant and one-horned rhinoceros. The need for biodiversity conservation is emphasized due to threats from human activities. Project Tiger and various biosphere reserves exemplify government measures to protect this rich natural heritage.

Key Concepts

  • Natural Vegetation: Refers to plant communities that grow without human intervention.

  • Biodiversity: The variety and variability of life forms on Earth, essential for ecosystem balance.

  • Tropical Evergreen Forests: Dense forests with high rainfall, rich in biodiversity and always lush green.

  • Tropical Deciduous Forests: Forests that shed their leaves in dry seasons, economically important.

  • Mangrove Forests: Coastal forests that thrive in saline environments, vital for ecological functions.

Memory Aids

🎡 Rhymes Time

  • In forests dense, where rain does dwell, / Tropical greens weave nature’s spell.

πŸ“– Fascinating Stories

  • Once in a lush forest, the animals celebrated their biodiversity. Every creature and plant played a vital role, reflecting the harmony of their ecosystem.

🧠 Other Memory Gems

  • Use 'MEMS' to remember: Mangrove, Evergreen, Montane, Scrubs for types of forests.

🎯 Super Acronyms

BEAST - Biodiversity, Ecosystems, Animals, Species, Trees.

Examples

  • Trees like teak and mahogany in Tropical Deciduous Forests.

  • Common animals like elephants and tigers in Tropical Evergreen Forests.

  • Cacti and thorny shrubs in Thorn Forests.

Glossary of Terms

  • Term: Natural Vegetation

    Definition:

    Plants that grow naturally without human intervention.

  • Term: Biodiversity

    Definition:

    The variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat.

  • Term: Forests

    Definition:

    Large areas covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth.

  • Term: Endangered Species

    Definition:

    Species that are at risk of extinction.

  • Term: Mangrove

    Definition:

    A shrub or tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water.