India's Population Size and Distribution by Numbers
India's population reached approximately 1.21 billion as of March 2011, constituting over 17% of the global population. The population density was recorded at 382 persons per square kilometer, showcasing a significant variation across states. For instance, Uttar Pradesh alone has about 199 million people, making it the most populous state, while states like Sikkim and Lakshadweep have populations of only 0.6 million and 64,429 respectively. Notably, nearly half of India's population lives in just five states: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh.
The section further explains how the uneven distribution of the population can be attributed to geographical and climatic factors. The Census of India, conducted every ten years, offers critical insights into demographic trends—including birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns—forming the foundation for future societal and economic planning. Over the years, India has witnessed a gradual decline in growth rates since 1981, emphasizing the imbalance caused by increasing absolute numbers despite falling growth percentages. The key components influencing population dynamics include birth rates, death rates, and migration.