Population Growth and Processes of Population Change
Population is a dynamic phenomenon influenced primarily by three processes: births, deaths, and migration. The growth rate can be defined in absolute terms (the actual number of people added) and in percentage terms (rate of increase per year). As of the latest census, India is home to a vast population, with significant disparities in density across different regions. For instance, states like Bihar exhibit much higher population densities compared to Arunachal Pradesh.
The interaction of birth and death rates affects the natural increase of the population; while birth rates have historically surpassed death rates, a gradual decline in birth rates has been observed since 1981. Increasing migration, especially from rural to urban areas, also plays a critical role in shaping population dynamics, contributing to urbanization trends and altering demographic characteristics. The significance of the adolescent population, which represents a vital resource for the future, underscores the need for better nutritional and educational support. The National Population Policy aims to address these issues through family planning and educational initiatives.