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Introduction to PIC 16X84 Family
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Today, weβre discussing the PIC 16X84 family of microcontrollers. Can anyone tell me what a microcontroller is?
I think a microcontroller is like the brain of a device, controlling everything.
That's a great way to put it! The PIC 16X84 family includes models like the PIC16C84 and the improved PIC16F84. What do you think makes the F84 better?
Maybe it has more memory or faster speeds?
Exactly! The PIC16F84 indeed has more RAM and supports higher clock speeds. Let's remember: 'F for fast and full of features!'
What other features are important?
Good question! Key features include instruction architecture, memory capacity, and power-saving modesβwhich are essential for battery-operated devices. Can anyone give me a mnemonic to recall these features?
How about 'PIM' for Power-saving, Instruction set, Memory?
Excellent mnemonic! As a quick summary, the PIC16X84 family not only enhances computing performance but also is crucial for energy-efficient designs.
Architecture and Memory
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Letβs talk about the architecture of the PIC16X84 family. Who remembers what RISC stands for?
Reduced Instruction Set Computer, right?
Correct! This architecture allows the PIC16X84 to execute instructions quickly. Now, can anyone describe the memory features?
It has 1024Γ14 EEPROM and various sizes of RAM for data storage.
That's right! The 1024Γ14 EEPROM is essential for storing programs. Now, can someone remember the distinction between the two models in terms of RAM mentioned earlier?
The PIC16C84 has fewer RAM, while the PIC16F84 has 68 bytes.
Exactly! To wrap up, always remember the numbers associated with your PIC models; they give us important capacity insights!
Power-Saving Features
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Today, letβs focus on the power-saving modes of the PIC 16X84 family. Can someone tell me why power-saving features are critical?
They help reduce battery consumption, especially in portable devices.
Great observation! The PIC16X84 implements a SLEEP mode for minimal power usage. What do you think happens when it enters this mode?
It stops all unnecessary processes to save power.
Exactly! And can anyone recall an acronym to remember the impact of these features on battery-operated designs?
How about 'SAVE' for SLEEP, Active use, Viable functions, and Efficient management?
Perfect! S.A.V.E is an effective memory aid. Summarizing today, these power modes play a vital role in making the PIC16X84 an excellent choice for embedded applications.
Introduction & Overview
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Quick Overview
Standard
This section discusses the key specifications and features of the PIC 16X84 microcontroller family, including its architecture, memory capabilities, hardware registers, clock speeds, and power-saving modes. Additionally, it highlights the improvements of the PIC16F84 over its predecessor, the PIC16C84.
Detailed
PIC 16X84 Family of Microcontrollers (Microchip Technology)
The PIC16X84 family of microcontrollers, consisting of PIC16C84 and its improved version PIC16F84, represents a leap in microcontroller capabilities, offering high-performance computing with an RISC CPU architecture. This family utilizes a 14-bit wide instruction set with an eight-bit data path, enhancing execution efficiency. Key features include:
- Memory: 1024Γ14 EEPROM program memory, 64 bytes of on-chip data EEPROM, 36 Γ 8 general-purpose registers for the PIC16C84 and 68 bytes of RAM for the PIC16F84.
- Clock Speed: Operational speeds can be set at 10/20 MHz, allowing flexibility in application design.
- Addressing Modes: The microcontrollers support direct, indirect, and relative addressing modes, enhancing programming versatility.
- Power-Saving Modes: The devices come equipped with a SLEEP mode for energy conservation, critical in battery-powered applications.
- Interrupt Sources: There are four interrupt sources to facilitate quick responses to external events, which is vital in real-time applications.
Understanding these features of the PIC 16X84 family is essential for effective application in various electronic projects.
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Overview of PIC 16X84 Family
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PIC16C84 and PIC16F84 are the two microcontrollers in the PIC16X84 family of microcontrollers from Microchip Technology. PIC16F84 is an improved version of PIC16C84.
Detailed Explanation
The PIC 16X84 family consists of two specific microcontrollers. The PIC16C84 serves as the foundational model, while the PIC16F84 is an enhanced iteration with additional features. This evolution signifies the advancements in technology and how manufacturers strive to optimize performance in subsequent models.
Examples & Analogies
Think of it like a smartphone model; the first version might have basic features but as the next version is released, improvements such as a better camera or increased battery life make it more appealing. Similarly, the PIC16F84 offers enhancements over the earlier PIC16C84 model.
Microcontroller-related Features
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High-performance RISC CPU, 14-bit wide instructions, eight-bit wide data path, 1024Γ14 EEPROM program memory, 64 bytes of on-chip data EEPROM, 36 Γ 8 general-purpose registers (16C84), 68 bytes of data RAM (16F84), 15 special-function hardware registers (16F84), a clock speed of 10/20 MHz (16C84/16F84), direct, indirect and relative addressing modes, power-saving SLEEP mode and four interrupt sources.
Detailed Explanation
The PIC 16X84 microcontrollers employ a high-performance RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) CPU which creates efficiency in processing instructions. With a data path of eight bits and a program memory of 1024Γ14 EEPROM, they handle different tasks effectively. Furthermore, the models include a clock rate of 10 or 20 MHz allowing for rapid data processing. This family supports various types of instructions and modes, including multiple addressing modes for accessing data stored in memory. Additionally, a power-saving 'SLEEP' mode helps conserve energy when the microcontroller is idle.
Examples & Analogies
Imagine a high-performance sports car; it has features that allow it to accelerate quickly (high clock speed), uses advanced technology to improve efficiency (RISC CPU), and has a fuel-saving mode to manage power when not in motion (SLEEP mode). These attributes enable the car to function optimally racing down the track while also being fuel-efficient when cruising.
Peripheral-related Features
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Thirteen I/O pins with individual direction control, high current sink/source for direct LED drive and eight-bit timer/counter with an eight-bit programmable prescaler.
Detailed Explanation
The PIC 16X84 microcontrollers are equipped with thirteen input/output pins, which provide flexibility in connecting to various peripherals, such as sensors or displays. The ability to control the direction of current for these pins (input or output) allows for versatile applications. The design also features a timer/counter that can be programmed, enhancing its functionality in time-based operations, such as measuring intervals or managing events.
Examples & Analogies
Think of the I/O pins like a versatile toolbox; each tool (pin) can either help you add something (output) or receive information (input), depending on what you need to do. If you need to set a kitchen timer (programmable timer), you can easily tell it how long to count down, just like programming the timer on the microcontroller.
Architecture and Pin Connection Diagram
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Figure 14.21 shows the architecture. Figure 14.22 shows the pin connection diagram in the 18-pin DIP package.
Detailed Explanation
The architecture of the PIC 16X84 family highlights how the various components like the CPU, memory, and I/O pins are organized and connected. Understanding the architecture helps students grasp how these elements work together to form a functional microcontroller. The pin connection diagram illustrates how each pin serves its respective purpose, aiding in circuit design and connectivity with other devices.
Examples & Analogies
Think of the architecture like the layout of a city, where different areas (components) have specific roles, such as residential homes (memory), offices (CPU), and streets (I/O pins) connecting them. Just as a city plan helps navigate effective travel between places, the architecture helps microcontroller developers understand how to effectively utilize the microcontroller in their projects.
Definitions & Key Concepts
Learn essential terms and foundational ideas that form the basis of the topic.
Key Concepts
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Microcontroller architecture: The structure and design of microcontrollers enabling optimal performance.
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Memory types: Different memory units like EEPROM and RAM used in microcontrollers for varying data roles.
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Power-saving modes: Features in microcontrollers to decrease energy consumption in portable applications.
Examples & Real-Life Applications
See how the concepts apply in real-world scenarios to understand their practical implications.
Examples
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An example of a real-world application of the PIC16F84 family is in remote control systems where low power consumption is critical.
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IoT devices often use microcontrollers like the PIC16X84 family because of their ability to perform tasks with minimal power usage.
Memory Aids
Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.
π΅ Rhymes Time
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PIC sixteen on the scene, with F84 being keen, power-saving to be seen!
π Fascinating Stories
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Once in a world of gadgets, the PIC16F84 discovered its talent for saving energy and processing faster than its older sibling, the C84, making it the star in applications where power is gold.
π§ Other Memory Gems
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MEMF: Memory, Efficiency, Microcontroller, Features to remember PIC16X84 capabilities.
π― Super Acronyms
PIM
- Power-saving
- Instruction set
- Memory - to recall the critical features.
Flash Cards
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Glossary of Terms
Review the Definitions for terms.
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Term: RISC
Definition:
Reduced Instruction Set Computer; an architecture designed to execute a small set of simple instructions efficiently.
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Term: EEPROM
Definition:
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory; a type of memory that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
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Term: SLEEP Mode
Definition:
A low-power state that a microcontroller can enter to conserve battery life by stopping unnecessary operations.
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Term: Clock Speed
Definition:
The frequency at which a microcontroller executes instructions, typically measured in megahertz (MHz).
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Term: GeneralPurpose Registers
Definition:
Temporary storage locations within the microcontroller used to hold data and instructions during processing.