2.1. Root Causes of Health Risks

One is the direct and indirect risks because what we know is certain risk but certain in the health aspect, we may encounter some unknown risks you know, it might be an indirect risk like for instance there is uncertainty of known and unknown risks.

This chunk discusses how health risks can be both direct and indirect, meaning that while some risks can be clearly identified, there are many that may remain unknown or unexpected. For example, during a natural disaster like a flood, immediate risks might include injuries and waterborne diseases, but later on, less obvious health risks could arise, like new illnesses due to contaminated water or crowded living conditions.

Imagine preparing for a storm by stocking up on food and water. You may be worried about flooding, which is a direct risk. However, after the storm, you might face unexpected health issues, such as mosquitoes breeding in standing water leading to disease, which serves as an indirect risk.

Also, there is a disciplinary orientation gaps in undertaking risk in understanding risks related to health and DRR.

This chunk highlights the challenges in communication and understanding between different academic and professional disciplines in the context of disaster risk reduction (DRR). Different fields such as health, biology, and pharmaceuticals may not communicate effectively, which can lead to misunderstandings about risks and hinder collaboration in addressing health concerns during disasters.

Think of a sports team where the players have different specializations. If the coach can't get the forwards and defenders to work together, the team might struggle to win matches. Similarly, if doctors, biologists, and pharmaceutical experts don't coordinate in disaster situations, it can lead to ineffective health responses.

Even here, we notice that there is an unequal resource allocation and access to medical infrastructure, especially the marginalized communities or mostly prone areas are the poor rural communities or the poverty you know communities.

This chunk points out the disparity in access to medical resources, with marginalized and rural communities often lacking sufficient healthcare infrastructure compared to urban areas. This inequality can exacerbate health risks during disasters, as these communities may not have the immediate medical services they need.

Imagine a town where one hospital serves a wealthy neighborhood with many doctors and resources, while a poor rural area has no hospital at all. When a disaster strikes, the wealthy town can access medical care quickly, but the rural community struggles because they lack facilities and trained personnel.

Also, the market driven risk because you know the market also emphasizes on consumption of certain drugs or they push a certain business sectors into it.

This chunk explores how market forces can create health risks, especially during a disaster. For example, companies may promote specific medications or health products that are not necessarily the best solution, leading to inappropriate consumption. This could divert resources from necessary healthcare strategies.

Consider how during a flu season, some companies aggressively market flu medications or supplements. While they may be helpful, if people rely solely on these products instead of getting vaccinated or seeking proper medical advice, they may not get the best care.

Lack of basic hygiene conditions, you know so one is first of all in the infrastructure itself how we lack the basic hygiene conditions.

This chunk emphasizes that poor infrastructure and hygiene can lead to health risks, especially during and after disasters. Without proper sanitation and clean water, communities are more vulnerable to outbreaks of diseases, which can sometimes be forgotten in discussions about disaster preparedness.

Think of a camping trip without proper sanitation. If you don’t have clean bathrooms or clean water, you might end up with stomach illnesses. Similarly, following a disaster, lacking basic hygiene facilities can harm people's health within affected communities.

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