2.2. Conceptual Framework of Analysis

So for instance scale mismatches and if you look at any particular settlement like this is Banda Aech before tsunami and after tsunami, and it is being focused in that particular spatial level where it has an impact with the disaster with a little tsunami or an earthquake. But when you look at the weather impacts like this is from the Swedish methodological agency and where we can see the snow cover have started gradually reduced from year after year.

In this chunk, we discuss scale mismatches, which refer to the differences in the spatial levels at which disasters and their impacts are assessed. For example, the text mentions Banda Aech and how it was affected by disasters like tsunamis and earthquakes, which can be analyzed on a specific settlement level. Next, it highlights how climate change effects, like reduced snow cover recorded by a Swedish agency, show long-term environmental changes that are gradual and affect a larger area. Understanding these differences in scale helps us recognize how localized events (like a tsunami) impact communities differently than broader weather trends (like snow cover changes).

Think of a small town that experiences a flood (local scale) versus global warming affecting weather patterns (global scale). The flood will directly impact the town's economy and infrastructure, while global warming might lead to longer-term changes affecting the town's climate, agriculture, and water supply over the years.

So and similarly the climate change like what you can see is the coral reefs, which has a negative and positive impacts and no effect on the global level. So one data is talking about a global level impact on the coral reefs, and the other data talks about the snow cover impacts, and the other data talks about very limited to a spatial scale maybe the affected area.

This section touches on the complex relationship between cultural identity and environmental changes such as climate change. It uses coral reefs as an example of a global issue that can have both positive and negative effects at local levels. Understanding these impacts requires analyzing data from different scales: how climate change affects coral reefs globally versus how local snow cover changes can specifically affect a region's agriculture or community life.

Consider how a forest fire can have devastating effects on local wildlife and communities, while also being part of a larger, natural cycle that could eventually lead to new growth over time. Locally, people may feel the immediate consequences, while globally, scientists may observe patterns that suggest forest fires are part of larger ecological trends.

Like for instance, we are also I want to bring you that when we talk about culture you know how this culture is related to climate change and disaster risk reduction. So I would like to bring one of the important contribution of Regina Mapua Lim where she talks about the Philippines cultural identity on traditional settlements in development, and she uses a framework of cultural environment for analysing these indigenous traditional settlements and their cultural identity, and their understanding towards the impacts of the climate change and as well as the day-to-day routine vulnerable situations.

Here, the focus shifts to cultural analysis, emphasizing how cultural identity shapes responses to environmental challenges. Regina Mapua Lim's research explores traditional settlements in the Philippines and how they relate to climate change. This framework allows for examining indigenous cultures' perspectives on climate incentives and day-to-day life, highlighting the importance of culture in adapting to environmental changes.

Imagine a community that has always depended on fishing for their livelihood. When climate change alters the local fish populations, that community's cultural identity and way of life may evolve or struggle, as they adapt their practices to ensure they can continue to sustain their lives and traditions.

Like if you see the Philippines, you have the mountaineers culture on the top, and you have the mainstream culture The Tagalog mainstream culture, and you have the sea culture which is the Coran islands. So about 7,000 islands that compromise the Philippines there are over 120 ethnolinguistic groups that continue to inhabit traditional settlements spread out over the Archipelago.

This chunk discusses the diverse cultural landscape of the Philippines, highlighting three distinct cultural groups: the mountaineers, the mainstream Tagalog culture, and coastal communities of the Coron islands. With around 7,000 islands and over 120 ethnolinguistic groups, this diversity illustrates the varying relationships between culture and the environment, emphasizing how different lifestyles develop based on geography and community practices.

Think of a country like Italy, where the culture varies significantly between the northern regions (known for hills and mountains) and southern areas (known for coastal life and warmer climate). Each region has distinct traditions, foods, and communities shaped by their environments, similar to how the various groups in the Philippines develop their identities based on their islands and local practices.

So these vernacular settlements are located in different terrains within ecosystems creating economies, or ways of living particular to culture place and people. So they have their own language, they have their own dialect, they have their own culture, they have food habits, they have their dressing senses, they have their communal understanding.

In vernacular settlements, the way of living is deeply tied to the ecosystem and cultural practices. The communities develop their unique languages, dialects, food habits, and customs that reflect their environment and social structures. These practices create a close-knit identity for the people, ensuring their traditions are maintained and celebrated through everyday life, like harvest rituals.

Imagine a small town where everyone knows each other, shares the same festivals, and enjoys particular local foods. This kind of community interaction strengthens their shared identity, just as these vernacular settlements maintain their culture through everyday practices, bonding over unique customs that have remained over generations.

So in fact, there are different hierarchies within the community, and that is where the tradition of the ritual feasting by wealthy members of the community which is a practice reinforces the egalitarian qualities needed by Sadanga society to maintain the rice production culture. Because the butchering of so many animals for a family wedding is a way of redistributing the accumulated wealth to the poor.

This segment examines social structures within the Sadanga community, highlighting how wealth is shared through rituals. Wealthier members host feasts, redistributing resources to support a sense of community and cooperation, vital for rice production. This practice helps balance social inequalities and fosters collective effort needed for agricultural success.

Think about a community potluck, where a wealthier member brings a significant dish to share. This act not only provides food for everyone but also strengthens community bonds, as people work together, share stories, and celebrate together, reflecting how interconnectedness is vital for societal health.

Now they also use the Sadanga language to conduct these rituals and to negotiate a numerous peace pacts which define the territorial boundaries and rights related to the neighbours. So these feasts also brings the neighbours together they also discuss various stocks, and they also talks about the water rights understandably have been the cause of tribal wars.

This section discusses the Sadanga people's use of their language in rituals and negotiations, particularly relating to territory and resources. Feasts serve as a gathering point where communities meet to discuss water rights, which have historically been a source of conflict. By talking through these issues in communal settings, they aim to maintain peace and cooperation.

Consider local councils that meet to discuss community issues such as water preservation for families and farms. By coming together, they address conflicts, create agreements, and ensure that everyone has access to necessary resources, illustrating how dialogues can prevent tensions and foster harmony.

And here it becomes you know the rice culture with all the rituals believes the inheritance patterns and all these associations with the land and territory continue to be part of their identity providing means in their lives.

In this final chunk, we see how rice culture interlinks with the community’s identity, emphasizing the significance of rituals and land. The inheritance patterns and cultural practices related to rice farming not only ensure livelihoods but also maintain their collective identity and traditions throughout generations.

Think about a family farm passed down through generations. The values, beliefs, and culture tie to that land shape their identity, just as rice culture helps define the Sadanga people's lives and traditions. The land represents not just a source of food but a sense of belonging and continuity.

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