3.3. Negotiation of Resources

So for instance scale mismatches and if you look at any particular settlement like this is Banda Aech before tsunami and after tsunami, and it is being focused in that particular spatial level where it has an impact with the disaster with a little tsunami or an earthquake. But when you look at the weather impacts like this is from the Swedish methodological agency and where we can see the snow cover have started gradually reduced from year after year. So earlier it was 8 months snow cover, now it is six months, now it is gradually reducing. So they have both positive and negative impacts. For instance, the farmers say yes, snow coverage less so we may get an extra crop but there will also other impacts; the temperature is increasing on it, and it has impacts on the health and as well as the communities the way they live.

This chunk discusses how climate change is affecting resources on different scales. For example, Banda Aceh has experienced disasters which impacted local settlement patterns. Furthermore, a study highlights that snow cover duration has decreased over the years, impacting agriculture. Farmers note that while less snow can lead to additional crops, it also poses challenges such as higher temperatures, which affect health and community living conditions.

Imagine a farmer in a snowy region. For many years, he relied on a 8-month snow cover to ensure a good harvest. As snow cover decreases to 6 months, he sees an opportunity to grow more crops but also faces risks from rising temperatures, which could harm his health and alter his farming practices.

Like for instance, we are also I want to bring you that when we talk about culture you know how this culture is related to climate change and disaster risk reduction. So I would like to bring one of the important contributions of Regina Mapua Lim where she talks about the Philippines cultural identity on traditional settlements in development, and she uses a framework of cultural environment for analysing these indigenous traditional settlements and their cultural identity, and their understanding towards the impacts of climate change and as well as the day-to-day routine vulnerable situations.

This chunk introduces the link between culture and climate change, particularly in the Philippines. Regina Mapua Lim's work highlights how traditional settlements reflect cultural identity, and how these communities adapt to climate change through their cultural frameworks. Lim provides a cultural environment framework that aids in analyzing indigenous communities and their responses to climate risks.

Think of a small island community in the Philippines that has sustainably farmed their land for generations. Their farming practices, food, and festivals are intertwined with the seasons. As climate change alters weather patterns, these communities draw on their cultural practices to adapt and find solutions, ensuring their way of life remains resilient amid change.

Like if you see the Philippines, you have the mountaineers culture on the top, and you have the mainstream culture The Tagalog mainstream culture, and you have the sea culture which is the Coran islands. So about 7,000 islands that compromise the Philippines there are over 120 ethnolinguistic groups that continue to inhabit traditional settlements spread out over the Archipelago.

This chunk emphasizes the cultural diversity within the Philippines, which consists of various cultures residing across its 7,000 islands. There are distinct groups like the mountaineers, mainstream Tagalog, and coastal cultures. Each ethnolinguistic group maintains unique traditions and lifestyles that influence their adaptation to environmental changes and resource management.

Consider a scenario where people from different regions of the Philippines—mountain communities, coastal dwellers, and city people—gather for a festival. Each group brings their own food, music, and stories, showcasing their cultural identities. This diversity is crucial for understanding how each group uniquely interacts with and negotiates their resources against climate change.

So, in fact, there are different hierarchies within the community, and that is where the tradition of the ritual feasting by wealthy members of the community which is a practice reinforces the egalitarian qualities needed by Sadanga society to maintain the rice production culture.

This chunk describes how community hierarchies in Sadanga society influence resource management through ritual feasting. Wealthier individuals organize feasts to redistribute wealth among community members, fostering cooperation and helping to maintain agricultural practices, specifically rice production.

Imagine a rich farmer in a community who invites everyone to a large feast after a bountiful harvest. He serves rice and pork, ensuring that not only is his wealth recognized, but also that everyone in the community benefits. This tradition strengthens bonds and encourages shared responsibilities in farming.

So they also use the Sadanga language to conduct these rituals and to negotiate numerous peace pacts which define the territorial boundaries and rights related to the neighbours. So these feasts also bring the neighbours together they also discuss various stocks, and they also talk about the water rights understandably have been the cause of tribal wars.

This final chunk illustrates how the Sadanga language and community gatherings are crucial for negotiating resources like water rights. These discussions occur during feasts where neighbors come together to resolve disputes and agree on territorial boundaries, vital for their agricultural practices.

Think of a neighborhood potluck where everyone comes together to celebrate harvest time. As they share food, they also discuss plans for irrigation that affect everyone, resolving past disputes over water access. Their language and mutual respect strengthen community ties, helping them work together for shared prosperity.

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