Consensus, Paxos and Recovery in Clouds - Distributed and Cloud Systems Micro Specialization
Students

Academic Programs

AI-powered learning for grades 8-12, aligned with major curricula

Professional

Professional Courses

Industry-relevant training in Business, Technology, and Design

Games

Interactive Games

Fun games to boost memory, math, typing, and English skills

Consensus, Paxos and Recovery in Clouds

Consensus, Paxos and Recovery in Clouds

The module delves into consensus mechanisms, crucial for achieving consistency in distributed systems, especially within cloud environments. It examines theoretical foundations such as the Paxos algorithm and the challenges posed by Byzantine failures. Additionally, it explores recovery mechanisms essential for maintaining operational reliability in the face of failures.

47 sections

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 1
    Consensus In Cloud Computing And Paxos

    This section covers the importance of consensus mechanisms in distributed...

  2. 1.1
    Core Issues And Challenges In Achieving Consensus
  3. 1.2
    Consensus Feasibility In Synchronous Vs. Asynchronous Systems

    This section explores the feasibility of achieving consensus in both...

  4. 1.2.1
    Consensus In Synchronous Systems

    This section explores the concept of consensus in distributed systems,...

  5. 1.2.2
    Consensus In Asynchronous Systems (The Flp Impossibility Theorem)

    The FLP Impossibility Theorem demonstrates that achieving deterministic...

  6. 1.2.2.1
    Implications

    This section discusses the importance and implications of consensus...

  7. 1.3
    Paxos Algorithm: A Practical Solution For Crash Faults In Asynchronous Systems

    The Paxos algorithm is a robust consensus protocol designed for achieving...

  8. 1.3.1
    Fundamental Roles In Paxos

    This section outlines the core roles involved in the Paxos consensus...

  9. 1.3.1.1

    This section delves into the Proposer component of consensus algorithms,...

  10. 1.3.1.2

    This section elaborates on the role of Acceptors in consensus algorithms,...

  11. 1.3.1.3

    This section explores the role of learners in the Paxos consensus algorithm,...

  12. 1.3.2
    The Two Phases Of Basic Paxos (Single Instance Consensus)

    The section discusses the two critical phases of the Basic Paxos consensus...

  13. 1.3.2.1
    Phase 1: Prepare (Or "promise" Phase)

    This section discusses the Prepare phase of the Paxos consensus algorithm,...

  14. 1.3.2.2
    Phase 2: Accept (Or "acceptance" Phase)

    The Acceptance Phase of the Paxos algorithm facilitates a Proposer in...

  15. 1.3.3
    Safety Properties (Invariants) Of Paxos

    The section details the safety properties of the Paxos algorithm, ensuring...

  16. 1.3.4
    Liveness (Progress) And Contention In Paxos

    This section discusses the concept of liveness in the Paxos consensus...

  17. 1.3.4.1
    Practical Solutions For Liveness

    This section discusses practical solutions to ensure the liveness property...

  18. 1.4
    Multi-Paxos: Consensus For A Sequence Of Decisions

    Multi-Paxos extends the basic Paxos algorithm to facilitate consensus over a...

  19. 2
    Byzantine Agreement

    This section explores Byzantine agreement, focusing on the challenges posed...

  20. 2.1
    Recap: Agreement, Faults, And Tolerance

    This section explores the concepts of agreement, faults, and tolerance in...

  21. 2.2
    The Nature Of Byzantine Failure

    Byzantine failures are the most challenging faults in distributed systems,...

  22. 2.3
    The Byzantine Generals Problem: A Classic Illustration Of Byzantine Fault Tolerance

    The Byzantine Generals Problem illustrates the challenges of achieving...

  23. 2.4
    Lamport-Shostak-Pease Algorithm (Classical Bft Solution)

    The Lamport-Shostak-Pease algorithm is a foundational method for achieving...

  24. 2.4.1
    With Signed Messages (More Efficient Solution)

    This section discusses the optimization of Byzantine fault tolerance using...

  25. 2.4.2

    This section delves into the complexities of achieving consensus in...

  26. 2.5
    Fischer-Lynch-Paterson (Flp) Impossibility Theorem (Extended To Byzantine Faults)

    The FLP Impossibility Theorem asserts that deterministic consensus in...

  27. 3
    Failures & Recovery Approaches In Distributed Systems

    This section discusses the various types of failures in distributed systems...

  28. 3.1
    Comprehensive Taxonomy Of Failures In Distributed Systems

    This section discusses various types of failures in distributed systems and...

  29. 3.1.1
    Crash Failures (Fail-Stop)

    This section analyzes crash (fail-stop) failures within distributed systems,...

  30. 3.1.2
    Omission Failures

    Omission failures in distributed systems occur when a component fails to...

  31. 3.1.2.1
    Send-Omission

    This section explores send-omission failures in distributed systems,...

  32. 3.1.2.2
    Receive-Omission

    This section delves into the complexities of omission failures in...

  33. 3.1.3
    Timing Failures

    The section explores timing failures in distributed systems, emphasizing...

  34. 3.1.3.1

    Clock skew refers to the differences in time readings among processes in...

  35. 3.1.3.2
    Performance Failure

    This section explores the concept of performance failure in distributed...

  36. 3.1.3.3
    Omission With Arbitrary Delay

    This section discusses the complexities and implications of omission...

  37. 3.1.4
    Arbitrary (Byzantine) Failures

    This section explores Byzantine failures, which are challenging faults in...

  38. 3.1.5
    Network Failures

    This section discusses various types of network failures that occur in...

  39. 3.2
    Recovery Approaches: Rollback Recovery Schemes (Focus On Consistency)

    Rollback recovery schemes are critical for maintaining consistency in...

  40. 3.2.1
    Local Checkpoint (Independent Checkpointing)

    This section discusses local checkpointing as a fault tolerance mechanism in...

  41. 3.2.2
    Consistent States (Global Consistent Cut)

    This section discusses the concept of global consistent states in...

  42. 3.2.3
    Interaction With The Outside World (The Output Commit Problem)

    This section discusses the challenges of rollback recovery in distributed...

  43. 3.2.4
    Messages (Handling In-Transit Messages)

    This section discusses the challenges of handling in-transit messages during...

  44. 3.2.5
    Problem Of Livelock In Recovery

    Livelock in recovery occurs when processes endlessly change their states...

  45. 3.3
    Coordinated Checkpointing And Recovery Algorithms

    This section discusses coordinated checkpointing and recovery algorithms...

  46. 3.3.1
    Koo-Toueg Coordinated Checkpointing Algorithm (A Classic Example)

    The Koo-Toueg Coordinated Checkpointing Algorithm provides a method for...

  47. 4
    Service Level Indicators (Slis), Objectives (Slos), And Agreements (Slas) - Quantifying Cloud Reliability

    This section discusses Service Level Indicators (SLIs), Objectives (SLOs),...

What we have learnt

  • Consensus mechanisms are essential for ensuring the integrity and reliability of distributed and cloud systems.
  • The Paxos algorithm provides a framework for achieving consensus in asynchronous distributed networks, overcoming challenges posed by process failures.
  • Robust recovery strategies are necessary to restore system consistency following failures and ensure continuous operation.

Key Concepts

-- Consensus
The agreement problem in distributed computing where multiple processes must decide on a single value or action.
-- Paxos Algorithm
A family of consensus algorithms that allows a group of processes to reach agreement on a single value, tolerant to process crash failures.
-- Byzantine Faults
A type of failure where a process can behave arbitrarily, including sending conflicting information to different recipients.
-- Rollback Recovery
Techniques used to restore a distributed system to a valid state after a failure, typically by reverting processes to previously saved checkpoints.
-- Coordinated Checkpointing
A method where processes collectively take checkpoints to avoid inconsistencies and the domino effect during recovery.

Additional Learning Materials

Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.