8. Advanced MOSFET Concepts
Advancements in MOSFET technology are driven by the need for faster, smaller, and more energy-efficient devices, leading to aggressive scaling down of dimensions. However, as dimensions approach the nanometer scale, challenges such as short-channel effects and heat dissipation arise. To overcome these limitations, various technology innovations and advanced transistor structures, including FinFET and GAA FET, have emerged to sustain the pace of Moore's Law and ensure continued improvements in performance and efficiency.
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What we have learnt
- MOSFET scaling enhances device speed, density, and energy efficiency.
- Scaling below 100 nm introduces major challenges like short-channel effects and leakage.
- Innovative technologies such as FinFETs, High-k dielectrics, and advanced materials are critical in addressing scaling limits.
Key Concepts
- -- Scaling
- The process of reducing the dimensions of MOSFETs including channel length and gate oxide thickness to improve performance.
- -- Short Channel Effects (SCE)
- Issues that arise in MOSFETs when their physical dimensions are reduced, leading to inadequate electrostatic control.
- -- FinFET
- A 3D transistor structure characterized by a thin silicon fin that provides better control over the channel.
- -- Highk Dielectric
- Materials with high dielectric constant used to replace SiO₂ in MOSFETs to reduce leakage current.
- -- GAA FET
- Gate-All-Around Field-Effect Transistor, where the gate surrounds the channel on all sides for improved control.
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