Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines

Hydraulic turbines are essential machines that convert the kinetic and potential energy of water into mechanical energy, playing a significant role in hydroelectric power generation. They are classified based on head operation, flow direction, and action type. Understanding hydraulics, efficiencies, and the unique characteristics of various turbine types, including Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines, is crucial for optimizing energy conversion in hydro systems.