Laminar and Turbulent Flow
This chapter delves into the principles of fluid flow, distinguishing between laminar and turbulent flow, and discussing the implications of head loss in pipe systems. Key equations governing these flows, such as the Hagen–Poiseuille equation and Darcy-Weisbach equation, are explored alongside practical considerations like energy dissipation and fluid dynamics in various scenarios including branching pipes and siphons.
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Sections
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What we have learnt
- Laminar flow is characterized by smooth and parallel layers with low Reynolds numbers.
- Turbulent flow is chaotic and involves eddies at high Reynolds numbers, requiring different analytical approaches.
- Head loss in pipe systems can be quantified through several equations, with both major and minor losses needing consideration in fluid transport.
Key Concepts
- -- Reynolds Number
- A dimensionless number that predicts flow patterns in different fluid flow situations; low numbers indicate laminar flow, while high numbers indicate turbulent flow.
- -- DarcyWeisbach Equation
- An equation that relates the head loss due to friction along a pipe to the length, diameter, and mean velocity of the fluid.
- -- Poiseuille Flow
- A specific type of laminar flow occurring between two parallel plates or in a circular pipe, characterized by a parabolic velocity profile.
- -- Minor Losses
- Head losses occurring due to fittings, bends, and other discontinuities in a pipe system that may affect fluid flow.
- -- Equivalent Pipe
- A theoretical single pipe that mimics the overall flow characteristics of a series or parallel configuration of multiple pipes.
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