Hydraulic Turbines
Hydraulic turbines are essential machines that convert the kinetic and potential energy of water into mechanical energy, playing a significant role in hydroelectric power generation. They are classified based on head operation, flow direction, and action type. Understanding hydraulics, efficiencies, and the unique characteristics of various turbine types, including Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines, is crucial for optimizing energy conversion in hydro systems.
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What we have learnt
- Hydraulic turbines are crucial for converting water energy into mechanical energy.
- Turbines can be classified based on head, flow direction, and action type, influencing their efficiency and application.
- Understanding velocity triangles is essential for analyzing energy transfer in turbines.
Key Concepts
- -- Gross Head
- The total head available from the reservoir to the turbine.
- -- Net Head
- The actual head available after accounting for any losses.
- -- Hydraulic Efficiency
- The ratio of power delivered to the runner to the water power at the inlet.
- -- Impulse Turbine
- A type of turbine that uses velocity head only, such as the Pelton wheel.
- -- Reaction Turbine
- A type of turbine that uses both pressure and velocity head, like the Francis and Kaplan turbines.
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