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This chapter covers the fundamentals of flow in noncircular conduits and multiple path pipe flows, detailing key concepts such as the use of hydraulic diameters and roughness in water flow. The historical context is provided through significant experiments from the 1930s that laid the foundation for modern fluid mechanics, including the relationship between friction factors, Reynolds numbers, and wall shear stress. The chapter also explores how to quantify energy losses in varying conduit shapes and flow conditions.