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This chapter covers the fundamentals of flow in noncircular conduits and multiple path pipe flows, detailing key concepts such as the use of hydraulic diameters and roughness in water flow. The historical context is provided through significant experiments from the 1930s that laid the foundation for modern fluid mechanics, including the relationship between friction factors, Reynolds numbers, and wall shear stress. The chapter also explores how to quantify energy losses in varying conduit shapes and flow conditions.
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References
ch23 part a.pdfClass Notes
Memorization
What we have learnt
Final Test
Revision Tests
Term: Hydraulic Diameter
Definition: The hydraulic diameter is defined as the ratio of the area of flow to the wetted perimeter, which is crucial for analyzing fluid flow within noncircular conduits.
Term: Reynolds Number
Definition: The Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity used to predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations. It indicates whether the flow will be laminar or turbulent.
Term: Wall Shear Stress
Definition: Wall shear stress is the tangential stress acting on the wall of a conduit due to the fluid's viscosity and relative motion.
Term: Moody Chart
Definition: The Moody chart is a graphical representation of the friction factor for flow in pipes as a function of Reynolds number and relative roughness.
Term: Energy Gradient Line
Definition: An energy gradient line is used to represent the total energy head available to a fluid flow in a conduit, helping to identify energy losses due to friction and other factors.