22.3.2. Energy Loss in Pipe Flow

Try these first

1. 1.

   What are major losses in pipe flow?

   Hint

   Think about long segments and friction.

2. 2.

   What does the hydraulic diameter help determine?

   Hint

   Focus on the geometry of the conduit shape.

3. 3.

   What primarily causes major losses in pipe flow?

   • Turbulence
   • Friction
   • Elevation Changes

   Hint

   Consider what happens between the liquid and the pipe surface.

4. 4.

   Minor losses occur at bends and fittings.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Think about what happens when the flow direction changes.

5. 5.

   Design a pipe system that minimizes energy losses using both major and minor loss considerations for a residential water supply. Calculate the expected losses.

   Hint

   Remember to consider the characteristics of all fittings and the lengths of pipe.

6. 6.

   Analyze how a change in fluid velocity impacts the energy losses in a system that uses circular versus noncircular conduits.

   Hint

   Relate to the formulas for hydraulic diameter and Moody chart for friction factors.