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This chapter introduces foundational literary theories, including Feminist, Marxist, Psychoanalytic, and Postcolonial theories, which provide diverse perspectives on literature. Each theory examines different societal aspects, such as gender, class, the unconscious, and the impact of colonial histories. Through the application of these theories, readers gain insights into how literature both reflects and influences cultural structures and personal identities.
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Term: Feminist Literary Criticism
Definition: A critical approach that analyzes how literature reinforces or challenges gender roles and dynamics, often focusing on female representation and the reclamation of women's voices.
Term: Marxist Literary Criticism
Definition: A perspective that examines literature through the lens of class struggle and economic systems, arguing that literary works reflect the societal structures of their time.
Term: Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism
Definition: An approach that explores the unconscious desires and conflicts of characters and authors, often utilizing concepts from Freudian psychology.
Term: Postcolonial Literary Criticism
Definition: A framework that analyzes literature from formerly colonized countries, addressing colonial discourse, cultural hybridity, and the experiences of marginalized groups.