Definition of Conflict - 10.1.1 | Unit 10: Global Conflicts and Peace-building | IB Board Grade 12 – Individuals and Societies
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Definition of Conflict

10.1.1 - Definition of Conflict

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Interactive Audio Lesson

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Understanding Conflict

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Today, we're going to discuss the definition of conflict. Can anyone share what they think conflict means?

Student 1
Student 1

I think conflict is when people disagree or fight over something.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

That's correct! Conflict is indeed a state of discord. It arises when there is actual or perceived opposition to needs, values, or interests. Can someone tell me the different levels where conflict can occur?

Student 2
Student 2

Is it just personal disagreements, or can it happen between countries too?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Great question! Conflict can occur at interpersonal, national, and international levels. It's important to understand this context. Let's remember it with the acronym 'I.N.I.'—Interpersonal, National, and International.

Student 3
Student 3

So, it can be small like a fight between friends or big like wars?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! Conflicts can range from small, personal disputes to major wars. Would anyone like to add anything more about the causes of conflict?

Student 4
Student 4

Isn't it often about resources or power?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Very insightful! Conflicts often arise due to competition for resources, power struggles, and even ideologies. To summarize, conflict is a complex phenomenon manifesting in various forms and scales.

Types of Conflicts

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Now, let's look at the different types of conflicts. Can anyone give me an example of an ethnic conflict?

Student 2
Student 2

The Rwandan genocide, right?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Yes! The Rwandan genocide in 1994 is a tragic example of an ethnic conflict, arising from deep historical grievances and colonial legacies. What are some causes of such ethnic conflicts?

Student 1
Student 1

I think it could be political exclusion.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! Political exclusion, ethnic nationalism, and historical grievances are key causes. Now, who can summarize the concept of religious conflicts?

Student 3
Student 3

Religious conflicts happen when different religious groups fight about beliefs or sacred places, like the Sunni-Shia tensions.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Correct! These conflicts often stem from intolerance and historical animosities. Lastly, can anyone mention a territorial conflict?

Student 4
Student 4

The conflict over Kashmir between India and Pakistan!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! Territorial conflicts often arise from colonial borders and nationalistic claims. Let's remember this with the acronym 'E.R.T.'—Ethnic, Religious, Territorial.

Student 2
Student 2

So, all these conflicts seem connected to historical disputes?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Yes, many conflicts root back to history, grievances, and identity. Understanding these roots is vital for resolving the issues.

Analyzing Causes of Conflict

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Let’s dive deeper into the causes of conflicts. What do you think drives ethnic nationalism?

Student 1
Student 1

Maybe it's a sense of wanting power and belonging to a group?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Correct! Ethnic nationalism arises from a desire for power, recognition, and resources. Historical grievances play a huge part, too. How about religious conflicts—what drives those?

Student 3
Student 3

I think it could be intolerance and sometimes using religion for politics.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! Religious intolerance and the political use of religion can escalate disagreements into violence. What about territorial conflicts?

Student 2
Student 2

Those seem to be tied to colonial histories or strategic interests.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Absolutely! Colonial borders and the fight for resources drive many territorial disputes. It’s crucial to understand these causes to navigate conflict resolutions effectively.

Student 4
Student 4

So, recognizing these roots can help prevent future conflicts?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! By understanding the roots, we can work towards resolution and peace-building. Remember this with the phrase, 'Know the roots to end the shoots.'

Introduction & Overview

Read summaries of the section's main ideas at different levels of detail.

Quick Overview

Conflict is a state of discord arising from opposing needs, values, and interests, manifesting on various levels, including interpersonal, national, and international.

Standard

Conflict encompasses disagreement between parties due to real or perceived opposition to needs, values, or interests. This section explores different types of conflicts, including ethnic, religious, and territorial, and their primary causes, demonstrating that conflicts can arise from historical grievances, nationalism, and a desire for power or resources.

Detailed

Definition of Conflict

Conflict denotes a state of discord, driven by the actual or perceived opposition of diverse needs, values, and interests. This phenomenon can be categorized into various levels—interpersonal, national, and international—and can manifest as either violent or non-violent.

Types of Conflicts

1. Ethnic Conflicts

Ethnic conflicts arise when distinct ethnic groups vie for power, resources, or recognition. Notable examples include the Rwandan genocide of 1994 between the Hutus and Tutsis, and the Yugoslav wars during the 1990s. The root causes of such conflicts often involve:
- Historical grievances and colonial legacies.
- Ethnic nationalism.
- Political exclusion or marginalization of certain groups.

2. Religious Conflicts

Religious conflicts occur when divergent religious factions clash over beliefs, practices, or territorial control of sacred spaces. Examples include the longstanding Sunni-Shia tensions in the Middle East and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Reasons behind these conflicts can be traced back to:
- Religious intolerance and fundamentalism.
- Historical animosities between groups.
- The political exploitation of religious sentiments.

3. Territorial Conflicts

Territorial disputes encapsulate conflicts over land ownership, often resulting in military disputes. Prominent examples include the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan, and territorial disputes in the South China Sea. These conflicts frequently arise due to:
- Colonial borders established in past eras.
- Historical claims tied to nationalism.
- Strategic interests in resource control.

Understanding the nuances and origins of these conflicts is crucial for addressing them efficiently and fostering peace.

Audio Book

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What is Conflict?

Chapter 1 of 2

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Chapter Content

Conflict is a state of discord caused by the actual or perceived opposition of needs, values, and interests. It can be violent or non-violent and occurs at multiple levels: interpersonal, national, and international.

Detailed Explanation

Conflict arises when there is a disagreement or clash, whether real or perceived, between different people or groups regarding their needs, values, or interests. This can manifest in various ways, from personal disagreements to large-scale wars between nations. Conflict can be violent, like armed confrontations, or non-violent, such as protests or negotiations aimed at resolving the differences.

Examples & Analogies

Consider a disagreement between two friends about where to go for dinner. Their differing preferences can lead to conflict. Similarly, nations can have conflicts over resources, territory, or ideology, like exploring solutions to issues concerning public space.

Levels of Conflict

Chapter 2 of 2

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Chapter Content

It can be violent or non-violent and occurs at multiple levels: interpersonal, national, and international.

Detailed Explanation

Conflict can occur between individuals, as in personal relationships (interpersonal), between groups within a country (national), or between multiple countries (international). Each level of conflict has its own dynamics and affects how resolutions are sought. For example, a family quarrel may involve different conflict resolution approaches compared to a disagreement between countries over territorial disputes.

Examples & Analogies

Think about how a family might resolve a dispute about chores with discussions and compromises (interpersonal), while countries may engage in diplomacy or military actions to resolve disputes about borders (international).

Key Concepts

  • Conflict: A state of discord arising from opposing interests.

  • Ethnic Conflict: Arises from competition among distinct ethnic groups.

  • Religious Conflict: Involves clashes over beliefs and sacred spaces.

  • Territorial Conflict: Concerns disputes over land ownership and control.

Examples & Applications

The Rwandan genocide is a vital example of ethnic conflict.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict illustrates religious conflict.

The Kashmir issue is a significant territorial conflict.

Memory Aids

Interactive tools to help you remember key concepts

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Rhymes

In a world where nations strive, conflicts arise as needs collide.

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Stories

Once in a village, different families wanted the same piece of land, leading to arguments. Each family believed their ancestors owned it, which sparked a long dispute until they learned to share and understand each other.

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Memory Tools

To remember the types of conflicts: 'E.R.T.' - Ethnic, Religious, Territorial.

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Acronyms

I.N.I. for conflict levels

Interpersonal

National

International.

Flash Cards

Glossary

Conflict

A state of discord arising from the actual or perceived opposition of needs, values, and interests.

Ethnic Conflict

Disputes arising between distinct ethnic groups competing for power, resources, or recognition.

Religious Conflict

Clashes between differing religious groups over beliefs, practices, or control over sacred spaces.

Territorial Conflict

Disputes over land ownership or control, often leading to military confrontations.

Ethnic Nationalism

A belief that promotes the interests of a particular ethnic group, often leading to competition with others.

Colonial Legacies

Historical grievances and divisions established during colonial periods that influence current conflicts.

Reference links

Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.