Theme B: The Particulate Nature of Matter
This chapter covers the fundamental concepts of heat transfer, greenhouse gases and their effects, the ideal gas law, thermodynamics, and the basics of electric current and circuits. It explains how thermal energy is transferred, the significance of specific heat capacity, and the interactions between greenhouse gases and Earth's energy balance. The laws of thermodynamics and the principles governing electrical circuits are also discussed, highlighting their importance in understanding energy conservation and flow.
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Sections
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What we have learnt
- Heat energy transfers from hot to cold until thermal equilibrium is reached.
- Specific heat capacity measures the heat needed to change a substance's temperature.
- Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, affecting global temperatures and climate.
- The ideal gas law relates pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas.
- The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is conserved during physical processes.
Key Concepts
- -- Heat
- Energy transferred between systems or objects with different temperatures.
- -- Specific Heat Capacity
- The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 Kelvin.
- -- Latent Heat
- Energy absorbed or released during a phase change without a change in temperature.
- -- Ideal Gas Law
- Describes the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and moles of an ideal gas.
- -- Thermodynamics
- The study of energy transformations, including heat and work.
Additional Learning Materials
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